补光对妊娠后期荷斯坦育成奶牛血液内激素浓度及昼夜节律变化的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.07.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究补光对妊娠后期荷斯坦育成奶牛血液中分泌激素浓度及昼夜节律变化的影响，为补光对妊娠后期荷斯坦育成奶牛规模化、标准化光照管理提供理论依据。【方法】选取体重相近(600 kg±5 kg)的临产前1个月的荷斯坦育成奶牛24头，采用随机试验设计分为自然光组和补光组。自然光组奶牛接受自然光照10～11 h；补光组奶牛在自然光照的基础上，分别于每天04：00-08：00和16：00-20：00荧光灯补光，使光照时间为16 h，试验期间奶牛自由采食与饮水，试验期共63 d。每组选取5头试验牛在试验第63天时分别于03：00、07：00、11：00、15：00、19：00和23：00共6个时间点进行尾根采血，测定血清中褪黑素(MT)、生长激素(GH)、类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、瘦素(LEP)、催乳素(PRL)和皮质醇(COR)等指标，同时用余弦数学模型对激素昼夜浓度变化进行拟合，观察各激素昼夜节律变化。【结果】 ①在各采样时间点，与自然光组相比，补光组奶牛血清中各激素浓度无显著变化(P＞0.05)，但MT、IGF-Ⅰ、PRL和COR的平均浓度均高于自然光组，GH和LEP的平均浓度均低于自然光照组。②两组奶牛血清中MT、GH、LEP、PRL和COR浓度昼夜变化均不呈余弦震荡节律曲线变化(P＞0.05)，自然光组奶牛血清中IGF-Ⅰ浓度具有昼夜节律性表达(R²＞0.5，P＜0.05)。自然光组奶牛血清中MT、GH、IGF-Ⅰ、LEP、PRL和COR浓度的昼夜节律拟合程度均高于补光组。【结论】补光对妊娠后期荷斯坦育成奶牛血清中MT、PRL和COR浓度的节律性变化有影响，并影响IGF-Ⅰ分泌的昼夜节律性表达。建议适当提高光照以改善妊娠后期荷斯坦育成奶牛的昼夜节律，通过调节生物钟和激素分泌可以改善奶牛的生理状态和生产性能。

关键词: 妊娠后期; 补光; 荷斯坦育成奶牛; 血液激素; 昼夜节律

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the effects of supplemental light on blood endocrine hormone concentration and circadian rhythm change in late-gestation Holstein breeding dairy cows,so as to provide a theoretical basis for large-scale and standardized light management of late-gestation Holstein breeding dairy cows under supplemental light. 【Method】 Twenty-four Holstein breeding dairy cows with similar body weights (600 kg±5 kg) in one months before parturition were selected and randomly divided into a natural light group and a supplemental light group using a randomized experimental design.Dairy cows in natural light group received natural light for 10-11 h.Based on natural light,Dairy cows in supplemental light group were supplemented with fluorescent light at 04:00-08:00 and 16:00-20:00 every day,so that the light received 16 h.During the experiment,cows had free access to food and water,and the experimental period was 63 d.Five cows in each group were selected for caudal root blood sampling at six time points (03:00,07:00,11:00,15:00,19:00,and 23:00) on the 63rd day of the experiment.Indicators such as melatonin (MT),growth hormone (GH),insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ),leptin (LEP),prolactin (PRL),and cortisol (COR) in serum were measured.At the same time,a cosine mathematical model was used to fit the changes in hormone concentrations during the day and night to observe the circadian rhythm changes of each hormone. 【Result】 ①At each sampling time point,compared with natural light group,there were no significant differences of the concentrations in various serum hormones of dairy cows in supplemental light group (P＞0.05),but the mean concentrations of MT,IGF-Ⅰ,PRL,and COR in serum of dairy cows in the supplemental light group were higher than that in natural light group,whereas the mean concentrations of GH and LEP were lower than that in natural light group.②The circadian changes of MT,GH,LEP,PRL,and COR concentration in serum of dairy cows in both groups did not show a cosine oscillation rhythm curve change (P＞0.05).IGF-Ⅰ concentration in serum of dairy cows in natural light group had circadian rhythmic expression (R²＞0.5 and P＜0.05).The concentrations of MT，GH,IGF-Ⅰ,LEP,PRL,and COR in serum of dairy cows in natural light group exhibited superior goodness-of-fit in circadian rhythm patterns compared with supplemental light group. 【Conclusion】 Supplemental light exerted effects on the rhythmicity of MT,PRL,and COR concentrations in serum of late-gestation Holstein breeding dairy cows,and altered the circadian rhythmic expression of IGF-Ⅰsecretion.Therefore,it was recommended to appropriately increase the light to improve the circadian rhythm of late-gestation Holstein breeding dairy cows,the physiological state and production performance of dairy cows could be improved by regulating the biological clock and hormone secretion.

Key words: late-gestation; supplemental light; Holstein breeding dairy cows; blood hormones; circadian rhythms

中图分类号:

S852.2

赵竟宏, 马慧, 刘锦涛, 苗人方, 刘红志, 刘顿成, 曲永利. 补光对妊娠后期荷斯坦育成奶牛血液内激素浓度及昼夜节律变化的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(7): 3178-3189.

ZHAO Jinghong, MA Hui, LIU Jintao, MIAO Renfang, LIU Hongzhi, LIU Duncheng, QU Yongli. Effects of Supplemental Light on Blood Endocrine Hormone Concentrations and Circadian Rhythm Changes in Late-gestation Holstein Breeding Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(7): 3178-3189.

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