副猪嗜血杆菌致病性及免疫逃避机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.11.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)是猪格拉泽氏病(Glasser’s disease)的病原，感染可致猪浆液纤维素性胸膜炎、心包炎、腹膜炎、关节炎等病症。Hps血清型众多，不同菌株之间存在抗原异质性和致病力差异。Hps感染致病过程涉及多种毒力因子，如生物被膜、脂寡糖、荚膜、菌毛等结构物质，以及细胞致死膨胀毒素、神经酰胺酶和α-2,3-唾液酸转移酶、外膜蛋白等功能物质。多种毒力因子参与Hps对宿主细胞的黏附、入侵、定植，进而引起炎症反应，包括穿越血脑屏障引起脑炎，最终对宿主细胞和组织器官造成损伤。Hps具有多种复杂的免疫逃避机制，如突破上皮细胞屏障、降解黏膜表面sIgA、抵抗巨噬细胞吞噬和补体的杀伤作用等，从而帮助其抵御宿主免疫系统的杀伤。笔者综述了Hps不同类型毒力因子及其在致病过程中的作用，总结了Hps的免疫逃避机制研究进展，以期为该病的有效防控及新型疫苗研发提供相关新信息。

关键词: 副猪嗜血杆菌; 致病性; 毒力因子; 免疫逃避

Abstract: Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) is the pathogen of Glasser’s disease in pigs,which can cause serofibrinous pleurisy,pericarditis,peritonitis,arthritis and other diseases in pigs.There are many Hps serotypes,and there are differences in antigenic heterogeneity and pathogenicity among different strains.The pathogenic process of Hps infection involves a variety of virulence factors,such as biofilm,liposaccharide,capsule,fimbrial and other structural substances, as well as functional substances such as cytolethal distending toxin,ceramidase,α-2,3-sialyltransferase,and other outer membrane proteins，ect.A variety of virulence factors participate in the adhesion,invasion and colonization of Hps to host cells,and then cause inflammatory responses,including crossing the blood-brain barrier to cause encephalitis,and eventually cause damage to host cells and tissues and organs.Hps has a variety of complex immune evasion mechanisms,such as breaking through the epithelial cell barrier,degrading sIgA on the mucosal surface,resisting macrophage phagocytosis and the killing effect of complement,so as to help it resist the killing of the host immune system.The authors reviewed the different types of Hps virulence factors and their roles in the pathogenesis,and summarized the research progress of immune evasion mechanism of Hps,in order to provide new information for effective prevention and control of the disease and the development of novel vaccines.

Key words: Haemophilus parasuis; pathogenicity; virulence factor; immune evasion

中图分类号:

S852.61⁺2

郝越, 段誉, 柴文琴, 冯华朋, 舒建洪, 何玉龙. 副猪嗜血杆菌致病性及免疫逃避机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(11): 4911-4922.

HAO Yue, DUAN Yu, CHAI Wenqin, FENG Huapeng, SHU Jianhong, HE Yulong. Research Progress on the Pathogenicity and Immune Evasion Mechanism of Haemophilus parasuis[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(11): 4911-4922.

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