肠道菌群-miRNA互作机制及其对疾病防治的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肠道菌群可调节生物体的生物过程，影响宿主健康。microRNAs(miRNAs)作为重要的调节因子，与机体健康和疾病有关。研究发现，肠道菌群和miRNA之间是互作的双向调节关系，因此，越来越多的研究注重于揭示肠道菌群-miRNA互作对机体健康和疾病等多种生物过程的影响。笔者梳理和总结肠道菌群和miRNA互作的主要机制，miRNA可进入细菌，特异性影响肠道微生物的生长，以及其增殖活性、稳态、定植、结构、组成、丰度、适应性和基因表达等。反过来，肠道菌群也可调节miRNA，主要通过影响宿主miRNA表达、代谢产物、次生微生物代谢物、益生菌和脂多糖等。基于“肺与大肠相表里”和肠道菌群连接肺与大肠等理论，探讨肠道菌群-miRNA的互作具有介导“肺-肠轴”运行的潜力。通过总结肠道菌群和miRNA分别对机体炎症的影响，得出肠道菌群-miRNA轴可介导多种疾病及炎症通路。结合中药与肠道菌群之间的互作，中药对机体miRNA的调节及肠道菌群对外源性miRNA的作用，发现肠道菌群-miRNA轴具有介导中药防治疾病的巨大潜力。综上，肠道菌群-miRNA互作机制的深入研究为疾病的发病和防治机制探讨及其靶点挖掘等提供可靠的依据。

关键词: 肠道菌群; miRNA; 肺-肠轴; 炎症通路; 中药

Abstract: Intestinal flora regulates the biological process of organisms and affects the health and diseases of hosts.microRNAs (miRNAs),as important regulators,are related to health and disease.It is found that there is a bidirectional regulatory relationship between intestinal flora and miRNA.Therefore,more and more researches focus on revealing the influence of intestinal flora-miRNA interaction on many biological processes such as health and diseases.In this paper,firstly,the main mechanism of the interaction between intestinal flora and miRNA is combed and summarized.miRNA can enter bacteria and specifically affect the growth of intestinal microorganisms,as well as their proliferation activity,steady state,colonization,structure,composition,abundance,adaptability and gene expression.Conversely,intestinal flora can also regulate miRNA,mainly by affecting the expression of host miRNA,metabolites,secondary microbial metabolites,probiotics and lipopolysaccharide.Then,based on the theory that "the lung and the large intestine are exterior to interior" and the intestinal flora connects the lung and the large intestine,it is discussed that the interaction of intestinal flora-miRNA has the potential to mediate the operation of the "lung-intestine axis".Then,by summarizing the effects of intestinal flora and miRNA on inflammation,it is concluded that the intestinal flora-miRNA axis can mediate many diseases and inflammatory pathways.Finally,combined with the interaction between traditional Chinese medicine and intestinal flora,the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine on miRNA and the effect of intestinal flora on exogenous miRNA,it is found that the intestinal flora-miRNA axis has great potential to mediate the prevention and treatment of diseases by traditional Chinese medicine.To sum up,the in-depth study of the interaction mechanism of intestinal flora-miRNA axis provides a reliable basis for the discussion of the pathogenesis,prevention and treatment mechanism of diseases and the mining of their targets.

Key words: intestinal flora; miRNA; lung-intestine axis; inflammatory pathway; traditional Chinese medicine

中图分类号:

S852.6

路晓荣, 赵奕朵, 李建喜. 肠道菌群-miRNA互作机制及其对疾病防治的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4304-4318.

LU Xiaorong, ZHAO Yiduo, LI Jianxi. Interaction Mechanism of Intestinal Flora-miRNA and Its Influence on Disease Prevention and Treatment[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4304-4318.

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