鸡蛋不同质地钙化壳的特性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究鸡蛋不同质地钙化壳的特性。【方法】选用420日龄笼养海兰灰蛋鸡所产粉色的正常蛋、全身布满颗粒钙的沙壳蛋(沙壳蛋A)、钝端钙粒集中的沙壳蛋(沙壳蛋B)和钝端分布多条明暗相间螺旋条纹的环形蛋各36枚进行蛋壳品质、蛋壳粗灰分和钙磷含量测定及蛋壳超微结构观察。【结果】①沙壳蛋和环形蛋的蛋壳强度显著低于正常蛋(P＜0.05)；沙壳蛋和环形蛋蛋壳强度存在显著差异(P＜0.05)，表现为沙壳蛋A＞环形蛋＞沙壳蛋B。②沙壳蛋和环形蛋钙化壳无机物含量显著低于正常蛋(P＜0.05)；沙壳蛋和环形蛋钙化壳无机物含量存在显著差异(P＜0.05)，表现为沙壳蛋A＞沙壳蛋B＞环形蛋；不同质地钙化壳有机物含量与无机物含量呈相反趋势。③环形蛋蛋壳钙含量显著低于沙壳蛋和正常蛋(P＜0.05)；蛋壳钙含量在沙壳蛋和正常蛋之间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。④蛋壳磷含量表现为正常蛋＞沙壳蛋A＞环形蛋＞沙壳蛋B。⑤环形蛋钙化壳乳突层厚度显著低于沙壳蛋和正常蛋(P＜0.05)。⑥正常蛋蛋壳有效层强度显著高于沙壳蛋和环形蛋(P＜0.05)；沙壳蛋B和环形蛋的蛋壳有效层厚度显著低于沙壳蛋A(P＜0.05)；沙壳蛋B和环形蛋之间蛋壳有效层厚度差异不显著(P＞0.05)。⑦主成分分析与相关性分析结果显示，影响蛋壳强度的关键指标为乳突层厚度与钙含量。【结论】沙壳蛋和环形蛋的蛋壳强度显著低于正常蛋；在蛋壳厚度和有效层厚度相近的情况下，钝端钙粒集中的沙壳蛋蛋壳强度最差；乳突层厚度和钙含量是影响蛋壳强度的主要因素。

关键词: 沙壳蛋; 环形蛋; 蛋壳强度; 乳突层厚度; 钙含量

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was aimed to investigate the characteristics of calcified shells in eggs with different textures. 【Method】 Pink normal eggs,sand-shelled eggs with their entire body covered with calcium particles (sand-shelled eggs A),sand-shelled eggs with calcium particles concentrated at the blunt end (sand-shelled eggs B),and ring-shaped eggs with multiple dark and light spiral stripes at the blunt end laid by 420-day-old Hy-line Sonia (with 36 eggs of each group) were used for the determination of eggshell quality,crude ash,calcium and phosphorus contents,as well as for the observation of eggshell ultrastructure. 【Result】 ① The eggshell strength of sand-shelled eggs and ring-shaped eggs was significantly lower than that of normal eggs (P＜0.05).There was a significant difference in eggshell strength between sand-shelled eggs and ring-shaped eggs (P＜0.05),which was in the order of sand-shelled eggs A＞ ring-shaped egg＞sand-shelled eggs B.② The inorganic matter content of calcified shells of sand-shelled and ring-shaped eggs was significantly lower than that of normal eggs (P＜0.05).There was a significant difference between the inorganic matter content of calcified shells of sand-shelled and ring-shaped eggs (P＜0.05),which was shown as sand-shelled eggs A＞sand-shelled eggs B＞ring-shaped eggs.The organic matter content of calcified shells with different textures showed an opposite trend to that of inorganic matter content.③ Calcium content of ring-shaped eggs shell was significantly lower than that of sand-shelled eggs and normal eggs (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between sand-shelled eggs and normal eggs (P＞0.05).④ The content of phosphorus in eggshell was normal eggs＞sand-shelled eggs A＞ring-shaped eggs＞sand-shelled eggs B.⑤ The mammillary cone layer thickness of eggshell in ring-shaped eggs was lower than that in sand-shelled eggs and normal eggs (P＜0.05).⑥ The effective layer strength of normal eggshells was significantly higher than that of sand-shelled and ring-shaped eggshells (P＜0.05),and the effective layer thickness of sand-shelled eggs B and ring-shaped eggs was significantly lower than that of sand-shell eggs A (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the effective layer thickness between sand-shelled eggs B and ring-shaped eggs (P＞0.05).⑦ Integration of principal component analysis and correlation analysis revealed that the critical determinants of eggshell strength were mammillary core layer thickness and calcium content. 【Conclusion】 The shell strength of sand-shelled eggs and ring-shaped eggs was significantly lower than that of normal eggs.Under the condition of similar shell thickness and effective layer thickness,the shell strength of sand-shelled eggs with concentrated calcium particles at the blunt end was the poorest.The thickness of the mammillary cone layer and the calcium content were the main factors affecting eggshell strength.

Key words: sand-shelled eggs; ring-shaped eggs; eggshell strength; mammillary cone layer thickness; calcium content

中图分类号:

S831.1

王玉芳, 李军, 周冰倩, 蓝雅华, 张小东, 汪昭英, 付爱坤, 王永侠. 鸡蛋不同质地钙化壳的特性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5694-5703.

WANG Yufang, LI Jun, ZHOU Bingqian, LAN Yahua, ZHANG Xiaodong, WANG Zhaoying, FU Aikun, WANG Yongxia. Characteristic Analysis of Calcified Shells with Different Textures in Eggs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5694-5703.

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