复方中草药饲料添加剂对猪肠道菌群和肌肉代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究复方中草药饲料添加剂对猪肠道菌群和肌肉代谢的影响，探索复方中草药饲料添加剂对育肥猪肉品质的作用机制。【方法】选取40头70日龄健康的杜大长三元杂交生长育肥猪(平均体重30 kg)，随机分为两组，每组4个重复，每个重复5头猪。对照组猪饲喂基础饲粮，中草药组猪饲喂含0.5%复方中草药超微粉的基础饲粮，记录每日投料量和剩余饲料量，并实时监测猪的健康状态，试验期120 d。通过16S rRNA高通量测序分析肠道菌群多样性，结合非靶向代谢组学技术筛选肌肉差异代谢物，并运用微生物-代谢物关联分析揭示潜在的互作机制。【结果】基于16S rRNA测序分析，共发现18 461个操作分类单元(OTUs)，中草药组有5 288个特有OTUs。肠道微生物群落分析结果表明，在门水平上，与对照组相比，中草药组猪肠道中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度极显著降低(P＜0.01)，拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度极显著升高(P＜0.01)，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门值为5.03；在属水平上，对照组和中草药组猪肠道优势菌均为链球菌属(Streptococcus)，中草药组中普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)相对丰度极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)。通过LDA和LEfSe分析，两组共筛选出36个差异菌群，与对照组相比，中草药组猪肠道中普雷沃氏菌属、未分类的拟杆菌目(unclassified_Bacteroidales)、颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)、考拉菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)、CF231的相对丰度明显升高。基于非靶向代谢组学分析，两组共筛选出48种差异代谢物，其中，丙氨酸-赖氨酸、马尿酸、硫酸吲哚酚等14种代谢物显著上调；亚油酸、2-羟基丁酸、二十碳烯酸等34种代谢物显著下调。微生物组学和代谢组学联合分析得出，差异菌属和肌肉差异代谢物间存在较强的相关性，其中，中草药组普雷沃氏菌属与马尿酸存在正相关，与2-羟基丁酸存在负相关。【结论】复方中草药饲料添加剂可通过调节肠道菌群结构和改善肌肉代谢，对育肥猪的肉质性状进行间接调控。普雷沃氏菌属、颤螺菌属是影响猪肉品质的关键特异性菌属，而马尿酸、2-羟基丁酸是调控猪肉品质的重要特异性代谢物。

关键词: 猪; 复方中草药; 16S rRNA; 非靶向代谢组学; 肌肉代谢物; 肠道菌群

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on the intestinal microbiota and muscle metabolism of pigs,and explore the mechanism of compound Chinese herbal feed additives on the meat quality of fattening pigs. 【Method】 Forty healthy 70-day-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY) crossbred growing-finishing pigs with an average initial body weight of 30 kg were selected,and randomly divided into two groups,with 4 replicates in each group and 5 pigs in each replicate.Pigs in control group were fed with basic feed,while in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) group were fed with basic feed containing 0.5% compound Chinese herbal medicine ultrafine powder.The daily feeding amount and remaining feed amount were recorded,and the health status of pigs was monitored in real time.The experimental period was 120 d.Gut microbiota diversity was analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.Concurrently,untargeted metabolomics techniques were employed to screen for differential metabolites in muscle tissue.An integrated microbiota-metabolite correlation analysis was then applied to elucidate the underlying interaction mechanisms. 【Result】 Based on 16S rRNA sequencing analysis,a total of 18 461 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified,with 5 288 OTUs unique in CHM group.The results of gut microbial community analysis revealed that compared with control group,at the phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestine of pigs in GHM group was extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01),while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 5.03.At the genus level,Streptococcus was the dominant genus between the two groups,the relative abundance of Prevotella in CHM group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.01).Through LDA and LEfSe analysis,a total of 36 differential bacterial communities were screened between the two groups.Compared with control group,the relative abundance of Prevotella,unclassified_Bacteroidales,Oscillospira,Phascolarctobacteria,and CF231 in the intestine of pigs in CHM group was significantly increased.Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 48 differential metabolites between the two groups,among which 14 metabolites including alanyl-lysine,hippuric acid,and indoxyl sulfate were significantly upregulated,while 34 metabolites including linoleic acid,DL-a-hydroxybutyric acid,and eicosenoic acid were significantly downregulated.Integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis revealed that there was a strong correlation between differential bacterial genera and muscle differential metabolites.Among them,there was a positive correlation between Prevotella and hippuric acid in CHM group,and a negative correlation between Prevotella and DL-a-hydroxybutyric acid. 【Conclusion】 The compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive indirectly regulated meat quality traits in finishing pigs by regulating intestinal microbiota structure and improving muscle metabolism.Prevotella and Oscillospira were identified as key specific genera influencing meat quality in pigs,while hippuric acid and DL-a-hydroxybutyric acid emerged as important specific metabolites involved in its regulation.

Key words: pigs; compound Chinese herbal medicine; 16S rRNA; non-targeted metabolomics; muscle metabolites; intestinal microbiota

中图分类号:

S816.7

段雅丽, 陈倩, 杨婉露, 高鹏飞, 曹日亮, 胡广英. 复方中草药饲料添加剂对猪肠道菌群和肌肉代谢的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5560-5574.

DUAN Yali, CHEN Qian, YANG Wanlu, GAO Pengfei, CAO Riliang, HU Guangying. Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additives on the Intestinal Microbiota and Muscle Metabolism in Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5560-5574.

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