寄生虫与肠道菌群互作机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.03.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肠道菌群是动物机体的重要组成部分,在漫长的进化过程中肠道菌群与机体达成了共存。很多寄生虫也寄生在宿主的肠道内,肠道菌群和寄生虫之间会相互影响,肠道菌群能影响寄生虫对宿主的侵入、定植、致病等复杂过程,还能调节动物机体的肠道健康,在颉颃细菌、病毒、肠道原虫等外来病原感染及维持肠道内环境稳态方面发挥着重要作用。肠道菌群可通过自身及其代谢产物影响宿主免疫能力,从而调节机体自身炎症反应,抵制肠道寄生虫感染。肠道菌群还能通过占位效应及自身菌群结构的变化对寄生虫入侵产生影响。现有研究发现,寄生虫感染对肠道菌群稳态的影响除机械性损伤、炎性反应等负面影响外,还能对宿主机体产生有益调节。部分虫体感染宿主后能激活机体相关免疫应答,刺激机体释放抗炎因子,进而帮助肠道抵抗细菌感染、减轻炎症反应。某些寄生虫排泄分泌物能在宿主体内影响肠道菌群结构,起到免疫调节剂的作用。近年来,菌群与宿主病原颉颃相关的互作机制已成为热点,备受国内外学者广泛关注。由此而引发的寄生虫疗法和肠道菌群移植技术也成为了研究热点。寄生虫与肠道菌群各自的代谢产物对于肠道内环境及稳态也有一定影响,但其作用的具体机制尚不清楚。国内有关寄生虫与肠道菌群互作机制的报道较少,笔者主要对寄生虫与肠道菌群的互作进行综述,以期为相关研究的开展提供参考。

关键词: 寄生虫; 肠道菌群; 互作; 影响

Abstract: Gut microbiota is one of the important parts of animal organism,and it has coexisted with the body in the long process of evolution.Many parasites also parasitize the intestinal tract of the host,gut microbiota and parasites interact with each other.Gut microbiota can not only affect the complex processes of parasites invading,colonizing and causing disease to the host,but also regulate the intestinal health of animals,and play an important role in antagonizing the infection of foreign pathogens such as bacteria,viruses and intestinal protozoa.It plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal environment.Gut microbiota can affect host immunity through itself and its metabolites,so as to regulate the body’s own inflammatory response and resist intestinal parasite infection.Gut microbiota can also affect parasite invasion through space occupying effect and changes in the structure of intestinal microflora.Existing studies have found that the effects of parasite infection on gut microbiota homeostasis can not only have negative effects such as mechanical injury and inflammatory reaction,but also have beneficial regulation on the host body.After infecting the host,some parasites can activate the body-related immune response and stimulate the body to release anti-inflammatory factors,which can help the intestinal tract resist bacterial infection and reduce the inflammatory response.The excretion and secretion of some parasites can affect the structure of gut microbiota in the host body and act as an immunomodulator.In recent years,the interaction mechanism between microbiota and host pathogen antagonism has become a hot spot,which has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad.As a result,parasite therapy and gut microbiota transplantation have also become a research hotspot.The metabolites of parasites and intestinal flora also have certain effects on the intestinal environment and homeostasis,but the specific mechanism of their effects is not clear.There are few reports on the interaction mechanism between parasites and gut microbiota in China.The author mainly reviewed the interaction between parasites and gut microbiota in order to provide reference for researchers to carry out relevant research.

Key words: parasites; gut microbiota; interaction; infection

中图分类号:

S852.7

李梦蕊, 李永霞, 林晓凤, 黄潇航, 黄志坚, 殷光文. 寄生虫与肠道菌群互作机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(3): 1129-1139.

LI Mengrui, LI Yongxia, LIN Xiaofeng, HUANG Xiaohang, HUANG Zhijian, YIN Guangwen. Research Progress on the Interaction Mechanism Between Parasites and Gut Microbiota[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(3): 1129-1139.

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