不同周龄黑羽番鸭肠道微生物变化规律研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究不同周龄黑羽番鸭生长发育过程中盲肠微生物组成及分布特性。【方法】分别以3、5、7、9、11、13及43周龄黑羽番鸭为研究对象，公、母各随机选取5只，收集盲肠内容物，通过16S rRNA高通量测序，结合QIIME2和EasyAmplicon软件进行数据分析，选用LEfSe、STEM、PICRUSt2和Bugbase等软件对黑羽番鸭肠道微生物群落特征进行解析，以进行菌群分类和功能富集分析。【结果】多样性分析结果显示，3、5、7、13和43周龄黑羽番鸭盲肠菌群之间具有显著差异(P＜0.05)，但公、母黑羽番鸭盲肠微生物仅在13周龄时显示Ace指数存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。盲肠内容物组成分析结果显示，不同周龄黑羽番鸭门水平上的核心菌群包括拟杆菌门(53.77%)、厚壁菌门(26.92%)和脱硫杆菌门(5.38%)；属水平上的已知核心菌群包括拟杆菌属(27.47%)、理研菌科RC9肠道菌属(5.88%)、脱硫弧菌属(5.21%)和甲烷短杆菌属(3.46%)。进一步对属水平上平均丰度排名前30位的微生物群进行热图分析，结果显示，3与13～43周龄黑羽番鸭盲肠微生物之间具有较大差异。COG和KEGG功能富集分析发现，黑羽番鸭生长发育阶段盲肠微生物具有潜在功能的生物群主要集中在物质代谢和消化系统功能等方面。【结论】在黑羽番鸭发育过程中，其盲肠中以拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和脱硫杆菌门占据主导地位，但黑羽番鸭盲肠微生物的结构和丰度会随周龄发生动态改变以适应生长发育需求，普雷沃氏菌属和瘤胃球菌科UCG-008菌属为3～13周黑羽番鸭生长发育调控过程中的关键菌属。试验结果为探究肠道微生物对黑羽番鸭生长发育特性的影响提供了新的见解。

关键词: 黑羽番鸭; 16S rRNA测序; 肠道菌群; 生长发育

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the composition and distribution characteristics of cecal microbiota in Black-feathered Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) during growth and development at different weeks of age. 【Method】 Experimental subjects included Black-feathered Muscovy ducks at 3,5,7,9,11,13,and 43 weeks of age,with 5 males and 5 females randomly selected for each age of groups.Cecal content samples of Black-feathered Muscovy ducks were subjected to put on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing,with analysis performed through QIIME2 and EasyAmplicon software.Microbial community characteristics were evaluated using LEfSe,STEM,PICRUSt2,and Bugbase platforms for microbiota classification and functional enrichment analysis. 【Result】 The diversity analysis results showed that there were significant differences in the cecal microbiota of Black-feathered Muscovy ducks among 3,5,7,13,and 43 weeks of age (P＜0.05).However,a significant difference in Ace index was only observed between male and female Black-feathered Muscovy ducks at 13 weeks of age (P＜0.05).The analysis results of the composition of cecal contents showed that the core microbiota at the phylum level in Black-feathered Muscovy ducks at different weeks of age included Bacteroidota (53.77%),Firmicutes (26.92%),and Desulfobacterota (5.38%).The known core microbiota at the genus level included Bacteroides (27.47%),Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (5.88%),Desulfovibrio (5.21%),and Methanobrevibacter (3.46%).Further heat map analysis of the microbial communities with the top 30 average abundances at the genus level showed significant differences of cecal microbiomes in Black-feathered Muscovy ducks between 3 and 13-43 weeks of age.COG and KEGG functional enrichment analysis indicated that the cecal microbiota of Black-feathered Muscovy ducks during growth and development stages were predominantly associated with metabolic processes and digestive system functions. 【Conclusion】 The cecal microbiotas of Black-feathered Muscovy ducks were predominantly composed of Bacteroidota,Firmicutes,and Desulfobacterota,with dynamic structural and abundance changes occurring at developmental stages to meet physiological demands.Alloprevotella and UCG-008 of the Ruminococcaceae family were candidate key regulatory bacterial genera for the growth and development regulation process of Black-feathered Muscovy ducks at 3-13 weeks of age.The results provided new insights into the effect of gut microbiota on the growth and development characteristics of Black-feathered Muscovy ducks.

Key words: Black-feathered Muscovy duck; 16S rRNA sequencing; gut microbiota; growth and development

中图分类号:

S834⁺.89

陆艳凤, 张蕾, 段修军, 江正梅, 孙国波. 不同周龄黑羽番鸭肠道微生物变化规律研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(12): 5614-5628.

LU Yanfeng, ZHANG Lei, DUAN Xiujun, JIANG Zhengmei, SUN Guobo. Study on the Change Pattern of Gut Microbiota in Black-feathered Muscovy Ducks at Different Weeks of Age[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(12): 5614-5628.

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