基因修饰技术及其在动物育种和生物医药领域的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.02.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基因修饰技术是一种能精确改造生物基因组,实现外源基因定点整合和基因定点敲除的技术。早期的基因修饰形式主要是转基因,随着科学研究的不断深入,新型基因修饰方法也逐渐研发出来,包括敲除、敲入、定点突变等。根据研究或应用的目的,可以将基因修饰技术分为转基因和基因敲除两方面内容。近年来,随着现代分子技术的高速发展,基因修饰技术不断改进创新,其相关方法和技术已逐步应用于改良家畜性状、研究基因功能、制作动物生物反应器以及构建人类疾病动物模型等领域中,使得畜禽基因功能的研究和转基因育种更加高效,在动物遗传育种以及生物医药等领域取得了显著成就,弥补了传统转基因技术的随机整合、遗传不稳定等缺陷,具有广阔的发展前景。作者从动物转基因和基因敲除技术两方面阐述了基因修饰技术的发展现状及发展趋势,并简要概括了基因修饰技术在动物育种和生物医药领域的应用现状。

关键词: 基因修饰; 转基因技术; 基因敲除技术

Abstract: Gene modification is a technology that can be used to achieve site-specific integration of exogenose and knockout of endogenous genes. The early form of gene modification was mainly transgene.With the deepening of scientific research, new gene modification methods were gradually developed, such as knockout, knock in, site-specific mutation, etc.According to the purpose of research or application, gene modification technology can be divided into transgenic and gene knockout.In recent years, with the rapid development of modern molecular technology, gene modification technology has been continuously improved and innovated, and its related methods and technologies have been gradually applied in the fields of improving livestock traits, studying gene function, making animal bioreactors and constructing animal models of human diseases, making the research of gene function and transgenic breeding of livestock and poultry more efficient.Remarkable achievements have been made in the fields of animal genetic breeding and biomedicine, which have made up for the defects of random integration and genetic instability of traditional transgenic technology, and have broad prospects for development.In this paper, the development status and trend of gene modification technology were described from the aspects of animal transgenic and gene knockout technologies, and the application status of gene modification technology in the field of animal breeding and biomedicine was briefly summarized.

Key words: gene modification; transgenic technology; gene knockout technology

中图分类号:

S813.3

闫艳霞, 李紫聪, 董亚铮, 李政, 黄思秀. 基因修饰技术及其在动物育种和生物医药领域的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(2): 659-667.

YAN Yanxia, LI Zicong, DONG Yazheng, LI Zheng, HUANG Sixiu. Gene Modification Technology and Its Application in Animal Breeding and Biomedicine[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(2): 659-667.

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