畜禽基因组选择方法研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.10.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 畜禽的选种选育在生产中至关重要，育种值估计是选种选育的核心。基因组选择（genomic selection，GS）是利用全基因组范围内的高密度标记估计个体基因组育种值的一种新型分子育种方法，目前已在牛、猪、鸡等畜禽育种中得到应用并取得了良好的效果。该方法可实现畜禽育种早期选择，降低测定费用，缩短世代间隔，提高育种值估计准确性，加快遗传进展。基因组选择主要是通过参考群体中每个个体的表型性状信息和单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）基因型估计出每个SNP的效应值，然后测定候选群体中每个个体的SNP基因型，计算候选个体的基因组育种值，根据基因组育种值的高低对候选群体进行合理的选择。随着基因分型技术快速发展和检测成本不断降低，以及基因组选择方法不断优化，基因组选择已成为畜禽选种选育的重要手段。作者对一些常用的基因组选择方法进行了综述，比较了不同方法之间的差异，分析了基因组选择存在的问题与挑战，并展望了其在畜禽育种中的应用前景。

关键词: 畜禽; 基因组选择; 基因组育种值; 方法

Abstract: Selection and breeding are very important in production of livestock and poultry,and breeding value estimation is the core of selection and breeding.Genomic selection (GS) is a novel molecular breeding method to estimate genomic breeding value using high-density markers across the whole genome.At present,GS has been successfully applied in cattle,pig,chicken and so on,and made significant progress.This method can achieve early selection,decrease the testing costs,shorten generation interval,improve the accuracy of breeding value estimation and accelerate genomic progress.GS estimates the effect of SNP by phenotype information and SNP genotype of each individual in the reference population,and measures the SNP genotype to calculate the genomic estimated breeding value in the candidate population,then selects the best individuals according to the genomic estimated breeding value.With the rapid development of genotyping technology and the decrease of detection cost,and the continuous optimization and high efficiency of genomic selection methods,genomic selection has become an important research method in the selection and breeding of livestock and poultry.The authors reviewed some of the widely used genomic selection methods,compared the differences between different methods,analyzed the problems and challenges of genomic selection,and looked forward to its application prospects in breeding.

Key words: livestock and poultry; genomic selection; genomic estimated breeding value; method

中图分类号:

S813.3

鲍晶晶, 张莉. 畜禽基因组选择方法研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(10): 3297-3304.

BAO Jingjing, ZHANG Li. Research Progress on Genomic Selection Methods in Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(10): 3297-3304.

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