单细胞测序技术在畜禽遗传育种中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Cells are the fundamental units that make up living organisms， possessing unique developmental trajectories and molecular features. Single cell sequencing technology， as an efficient method for analyzing genetic information at the cellular level， can sequence the genome， transcriptome， proteome， metabolome， and epigenetics， and support integrated analysis strategies such as multi-omics sequencing to accurately capture the molecular characteristics of individual cells. This technology breaks through the limitations of traditional population cell research， and has become a powerful tool for analyzing the molecular regulatory mechanisms and cell fate transition trajectories of animal cells， providing a new perspective for animal genetics breeding. The artical focuses on five single-cell sequencing technologies—Single-cell RNA sequencing， single-cell DNA sequencing， single-cell epigenome sequencing， single-cell proteomics sequencing， and single-cell metabolomics sequencing， systematically elaborates on the developmental history and underlying principles， and discusses in depth the application cases of single-cell sequencing technology in livestock and poultry genetic breeding， aiming to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent research in this field.

Key words: single cell sequencing; multi-omics; livestock and poultry genetic breeding

CLC Number:

S813.3

CHAI Yuan, BAO Chenglin, ZHANG Lingyan, GONG Shuyan, QI Chelimuge, BAO Yanchun, ZHU Meng, CAO Sai, LI Jiangong, YU Guojie, LIN Jingkai, ZHANG Wenguang. Research Progress on the Application of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Livestock and Poultry Genetic Breeding[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 15-26.

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物种 Species	细胞类型 Cell types	测序技术 Methods	主要发现 Key findings	参考文献 References
牛 Cattle	骨骼肌	单细胞染色质可及性测序	预测了与肌肉发育相关的特异性表达的转录因子MSC、MYF5、MYOD1、FOXP3、ESRRA、BACH1、SIX2和ATF4	Cai等^［3］
猪 Pigs	肌肉细胞	单细胞转录组测序	与肥胖型猪相比，瘦肉型猪的肌肉来源细胞更接近肌肉祖细胞的原始发育阶段	Qiu等^［43］
猪 Pigs	肌肉细胞	单细胞转录组测序	描绘了肌源性细胞的发育轨迹，并检查了不同分化阶段各种标志物基因和分子事件的表达变化	Xiao等^［42］
鸡 Chickens	胸肌细胞	单细胞转录组测序	解析了鸡的胸肌细胞谱系，发现了鸡肌内脂肪细胞的标记基因APOA1和COL1A1	Li等^［37］
鸡 Chickens	鸡胚四肢细胞	单细胞转录组测序	从细胞维度解析了鸡四肢发育的细胞及分子机制	Feregrin等^［44］

物种 Species	细胞类型 Cell types	测序技术 Methods	主要发现 Key findings	参考文献 References
绵羊 Sheep	毛囊	单细胞转录组测序	揭示了绵羊毛囊发育的分化、空间特征和细胞间通讯以及羊毛弯曲的潜在分子机制	Wang等^［48］
山羊 Goats	皮肤细胞	单细胞转录组测序	解析了毛囊发生过程中涉及的细胞异质性和复杂性	Li等^［50］
猪 Pigs	胚胎皮肤	单细胞和空间转录组分析	揭示了早期猪皮肤发育中的细胞异质性和毛囊形成的关键亚群	Wang等^［53］
牦牛 Yaks	毛囊单细胞	单细胞转录组测序	构建了牦牛生长期表皮细胞谱系以及真皮细胞谱系在毛囊发育中的分化轨迹	叶娜^［54］

物种 Species	细胞类型 Cell types	测序技术 Methods	主要发现 Key findings	参考文献 References
绵羊 Sheep	睾丸生殖细胞	单细胞转录组测序	绵羊精子发生过程中各种细胞类型转录水平变化，如转录因子EZH2、SOX18、SCP2等	Yang等^［56］
猪 Pigs	睾丸细胞	单细胞转录组测序	确定CDH1作为猪的前精原细胞和未分化精原细胞的新型细胞标记物	Zheng等^［58］
猪 Pigs	青春期前猪睾丸细胞	单细胞转录组测序	揭示青春期前睾丸中，支持细胞是主要的细胞类型，PRND是一种新型的支持细胞标志物	张恒^［2］
牛 Cattle	牛雌、雄囊胚	单细胞蛋白质组测序	揭示了牛雌、雄胚胎蛋白质表达差异，发现了以IGF1R为代表的雌、雄胚胎差异表达蛋白，确定了IGF1R对牛植入前胚胎发育的促进作用	王杰^［64］

Research Progress on the Application of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Livestock and Poultry Genetic Breeding

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