半乳糖凝集素1的生物学功能及其在鹿茸再生过程中的作用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.10.006

Abstract

Abstract: Galectin-1 (GAL-1) is a β-galactoside-binding protein with a molecular mass of about 14 ku,which is distributed in many different types of cells and tissues,and has a wide range of intracellular and extracellular biological activity,involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes.GAL-1 regulates cell proliferation in a dose-dependent and cell-specific bidirectional manner,promotes angiogenesis through the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway,participates in the immune regulation of the body,induces T cell apoptosis,inhibits T cell proliferation and antigen-presenting cell activation.In addition,GAL-1 is considered as a marker of various types of tumors,and tumor cells secrete GAL-1 to promote angiogenesis and autoimmune escape in tumors.Deer antler is the unossified and young horns with densely hairy derived from the head of the deer,and it is also the only bone appendage that can achieve periodic holomorphosis in mammals.The regeneration of deer antler is based on the process of deer antler stem cells proliferation. GAL-1 is overexpressed in deer antler stem cells,and the regeneration process of deer antler is closely related to the biological function of GAL-1.However,the role of GAL-1 in deer antler regeneration remains to be further investigated.The authors reviewed the protein structure and biological functions of GAL-1,as well as its role in the regeneration of deer antler,and hopes to bring new enlightenment to the study of the function of GAL-1 and the mechanism of deer antler regeneration.

Key words: galectin-1; deer antler; cell proliferation; angiogenesis; immunosuppression

CLC Number:

S825

LI Xunsheng, SHI Wanwan, XING Baorui, ZHOU Jue, LI Chunyi, SUN Hongmei. Research Progress on the Biological Function of Galectin-1 and Its Role in Deer Antler Regeneration[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(10): 3746-3755.

References

[1] BARONDES S H,CASTRONOVO V,COOPER D N,et al.Galectins:A family of animal beta-galactoside-binding lectins[J]. Cell,1994,76(4):597-598.
[2] GABIUS H J,ANDRÉ S,KALTNER H,et al.The sugar code:Functional lectinomics[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2002,1572(2-3):165-177.
[3] AHMAD N,GABIUS H J,KALTNER H,et al.Thermodynamic binding studies of cell surface carbohydrate epitopes to galectins-1,-3,and -7:Evidence for differential binding specificities[J].Canadian Journal of Chemistry,2002,80(8):1096-1104.
[4] COOPER D N W.Galectinomics:Finding themes in complexity[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2002,1572(2-3):209-231.
[5] HUGHES R C.Secretion of the galectin family of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1999,1473(1):172-185.
[6] WANG J L.SR proteins and galectins:What’s in a name?[J].Glycobiology,2010,20(10):1199-1207.
[7] RABINOVICH G A,TOSCANO M A,JACKSON S S,et al.Functions of cell surface galectin-glycoprotein lattices[J].Current Opinion in Structural Biology,2007,17(5):513-520.
[8] TEICHBERG V I,SILMAN I,BEITSCH D D,et al.A beta-D-galactoside binding protein from electric organ tissue of Electrophorus electricus[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1975,72(4):1383-1387.
[9] CAMBY I,MERCIER M L,LEFRANC F,et al.Galectin-1:A small protein with major functions[J].Glycobiology,2006,16(11):137R-157R.
[10] ROMERO J M,MADIA T,ESTRIN D A,et al.Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure[J].Glycobiology,2016,26(12):1317-1327.
[11] TRACEY B M.Subunit molecular mass assignment of 14 654 Da to the soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectin from bovine heart muscle and demonstration of intramolecular disulfide bonding associated with oxidative inactivation[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1992,267(15):10342-10347.
[12] ELOLA M T,CHIESA M E,ALBERTIl A F,et al.Galectin-1 receptors in different cell types[J].Journal of Biomedical Science,2005,12(1):13-29.
[13] LÓPEZ-LUCENDO M F,SOLÍS D,ANDRÉ S,et al.Growth-regulatory human galectin-1:Crystallographic characterisation of the structural changes induced by single-site mutations and their impact on the thermodynamics of ligand binding[J]. Journal of Molecular Biology,2004,343(4):957-970.
[14] GARNER O,BAUM L.Galectin-glycan lattices regulate cell-surface glycoprotein organization and signalling[J].Biochemical Society Transactions,2008,36(6):1472-1477.
[15] TOTI A,SANTI A,PARDELLA E,et al.Activated fibroblasts enhance cancer cell migration by microvesicles-mediated transfer of galectin-1[J].Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling,2021,15(3):405-419.
[16] CHIANG M T,CHEN I M,HSU F F,et al.Gal-1 (galectin-1) upregulation contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm progression by enhancing vascular inflammation[J]. Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis,and Vascular Biology,2021,41(1):331-345.
[17] YOU X,LIU Q,WU J,et al.Galectin-1 promotes vasculogenic mimicry in gastric cancer by upregulating EMT signaling[J].Journal of Cancer,2019,10(25):6286-6297.
[18] WELLS V,MALLUCCI L.Identification of an autocrine negative growth factor:Mouse beta-galactoside-binding protein is a cytostatic factor and cell growth regulator[J].Cell,1991,64(1):91-97.
[19] WELLS V,DAVIES D,MALLUCCI L.Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by beta galactoside binding protein (beta GBP) in human mammary cancer cells.A potential new approach to cancer control[J]. European Journal of Cancer,1999,35(6):978-983.
[20] VESPA G,LEWIS L A,KOZAK K R,et al.Galectin-1 specifically modulates TCR signals to enhance TCR apoptosis but inhibit IL-2 production and proliferation[J].Journal of Immunology,1999,162(2):799-806.
[21] FISCHER C,SANCHEZ-RUDERISCH H,WELZEL M,et al.Galectin-1 interacts with the α5β1 fibronectin rreceptor to restrict carcinoma cell growth via induction of p21 and p27[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2005,280(44):37266-37277.
[22] LEE M Y,LEE S H,PARK J H,et al.Interaction of galectin-1 with caveolae induces mouse embryonic stem cell proliferation through the Src,ERas,Akt and mTOR signaling pathways[J].Cellular & Molecular Life Sciences,2009,66(8):1467-1478.
[23] MASAMUNE A,SATOH M,HIRABAYASHI J,et al.Galectin-1 induces chemokine production and proliferation in pancreatic stellate cells[J].American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2006,290(4):G729-G736.
[24] SAKAGUCHI M,SHINGO T,SHIMAZAKI T,et al.A carbohydrate-binding protein,galectin-1,promotes proliferation of adult neural stem cells[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(18):7112-7117.
[25] ADAMS L,SCOTT G K,WEINBERG C S.Biphasic modulation of cell growth by recombinant human galectin-1[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1996,1312(2):137-144.
[26] VIRÁG V,ROBERTA F B,GABRIELA I,et al.Biphasic effect of recombinant galectin-1 on the growth and death of early hematopoietic cells[J].Stem cells (Dayton,Ohio),2005,23(2):279-287.
[27] HIRABAYASHI J,KASAI K.Effect of amino acid substitution by sited-directed mutagenesis on the carbohydrate recognition and stability of human 14-kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1991,266(35):23648-23653.
[28] ZHANG J,KEN S.Partial identification by site-directed mutagenesis of a cell growth inhibitory site on the human galectin-1 molecule[J]. BMC Molecular and Cell Biology,2002,3:3.
[29] YASUMITSU H,MOCHIDA K,YASUDA C,et al.Antiproliferative effects of galectin-1 from Rana catesbeiana eggs on human leukemia cells and its binding proteins in human cells[J].In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology Animal,2011,47(10):728-734.
[30] ADAMS L,SCOTT G K,WEINBERG C S.Biphasic modulation of cell growth by recombinant human galectin-1[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1996,1312(2):137-144.
[31] FREITAG N,IRENE TIRADO-GONZÁLEZ,BARRIENTOS G,et al.Interfering with Gal-1-mediated angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(28):11451-11456.
[32] THIJSSEN V L,BARKAN B,SHOJI H,et al.Tumor cells secrete galectin-1 to enhance endothelial cell activity[J]. Cancer Research,2010,70(15):6216-6224.
[33] CROCI D O,SALATINO M,RUBINSTEIN N,et al.Disrupting galectin-1 interactions with N-glycans suppresses hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in Kaposi’s sarcoma[J].Journal of Experimental Medicine,2012,209(11):1985-2000.
[34] PRANJOL M,ZINOVKIN D A,MASKELL A,et al.Cathepsin L-induced galectin-1 may act as a proangiogenic factor in the metastasis of high-grade serous carcinoma[J].Journal of Translational Medicine,2019,17(1):216.
[35] TANG D,GAO J,WANG S,et al.Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote angiogenesis in gastric cancer through galectin-1 expression[J].Tumor Biology,2016,37(2):1889-1899.
[36] STORTI P,MARCHICA V,AIROLDI I,et al.Galectin-1 suppression delineates a new strategy to inhibit myeloma-induced angiogenesis and tumoral growth in vivo[J].Leukemia,2016,30(12):2351-2363.
[37] AGNELLI L,FORCATO M,FERRARI F,et al.The reconstruction of transcriptional networks reveals critical genes with implications for clinical outcome of multiple myeloma[J].Clinical Cancer Research,2011,17(23):7402-7412.
[38] MATSUMOTO K,EMA M.Roles of VEGF:A signalling in development,regeneration,and tumours[J]. Journal of Biochemistry,2014,156(1):1-10.
[39] MELINCOVICI C S,BOŞCA A B,ŞUŞMAN S,et al.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-key factor in normal and pathological angiogenesis[J]. Revue Roumaine de Morphologie et Embryologie,2018,59(2):455-467.
[40] WU D,KANDA A,LIU Y,KASE S,et al.Galectin-1 promotes choroidal neovascularization and subretinal fibrosis mediated via epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J].FASEB Journal, 2019,33(2):2498-2513.
[41] KANDA A,NODA K,SAITO W,et al.Aflibercept traps galectin-1,an angiogenic factor associated with diabetic retinopathy[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:17946.
[42] HSIEH S H,YING N W,WU M H,et al.Galectin-1,a novel ligand of neuropilin-1,activates VEGFR-2 signaling and modulates the migration of vascular endothelial cells[J].Oncogene,2008,27(26):3746-3753.
[43] ELLIS L M,HICKLIN D J.VEGF-targeted therapy:Mechanisms of anti-tumour activity[J].Nature Reviews Cancer,2008,8(8):579-591.
[44] EBOS J M L,LEE C R,KERBEL R S.Tumor and host-mediated pathways of resistance and disease progression in response to antiangiogenic therapy[J].Clinical Cancer Research,2009,15(16):5020-5025.
[45] BERGERS G,HANAHAN D.Modes of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy[J].Nature Reviews Cancer,2008,8(8):592-603.
[46] BLASER C,KAUFMANN M,MVLLER C,et al.Beta-galactoside-binding protein secreted by activated T cells inhibits antigen-induced proliferation of T cells[J].European Journal of Immunology,1998,28(8):2311-2319.
[47] ALLIONE A,WELLS V,FORNI G,et al.β-galactoside-Binding protein(βGBP) alters the cell cycle,up-regulates expression of the α- and β-chains of the IFN-γ receptor,and triggers IFN-γ-mediated apoptosis of activated human T lymphocytes[J].Journal of Immunology,1998,161(5):2114-2119.
[48] HE J,BAUM L G.Endothelial cell expression of galectin-1 induced by prostate cancer cells inhibits T-cell transendothelial migration[J].Laboratory Investigation,2006,86(6):578-590.
[49] PERILLO N L,PACE K E,SEILHAMER J J,et al.Apoptosis of T cells mediated by galectin-1[J].Nature,1995,378(6558):736-739.
[50] STILLMAN B N,HSU D K,PANG M,et al.Galectin-3 and galectin-1 bind distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce T cell death[J].Journal of Immunology,2006,176(2):778-789.
[51] CASTILLO-GONZÁLEZ R,CIBRIAN D,FERNÁNDEZ-GALLEGO N,et al.Galectin-1 expression in CD8⁺ T lymphocytes controls inflammation in contact hypersensitivity.[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,2021,141(6):1522-1532.e3.
[52] SASAGURI K,YAMADA K,NARIMATSU Y,et al.Stress-induced galectin-1 influences immune tolerance in the spleen and thymus by modulating CD45 immunoreactive lymphocytes[J].The Journal of Physiological Sciences,2016,67(4):489-496.
[53] GORNIAK P,WASYLECKA-JUSZCZYNSKA M,LUGOWSKA I,et al.BRAF inhibition curtails IFN-gamma-inducible PD-L1 expression and upregulates the immunoregulatory protein galectin-1 in melanoma cells[J].Molecular Oncology,2020,14(8):1817-1832.
[54] RUBINSTEIN N,ALVAREZ M,ZWIRNER N W,et al.Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gene expression in tumor cells results in heightened T cell-mediated rejection:A potential mechanism of tumor-immune privilege[J].Cancer Cell,2004,5(3):241-251.
[55] LE Q T,SHI G,CAO H,et al.Galectin-1:A link between tumor hypoxia and tumor immune privilege[J].Journal of Clinical Oncology,2005,23(35):8932-8941.
[56] SOLDATI R,BERGER E,ZENCLUSSEN A C,et al.Neuroblastoma triggers an immunoevasive program involving galectin-1-dependent modulation of T cell and dendritic cell compartments[J].International Journal of Cancer,2012,131(5):1131-1141.
[57] TSAI Y T,LIANG C H,YU J H,et al.A DNA aptamer targeting galectin-1 as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for lung cancer[J].Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids,2019,18:991-998.
[58] BAKER G J,CHOCKLEY P,ZAMLER D,et al.Natural killer cells require monocytic Gr-1⁺/CD11b⁺ myeloid cells to eradicate orthotopically engrafted glioma cells[J].Oncoimmunology,2016,5(6):e1163461.
[59] WU F,LI H,JIN L,et al.Deer antler base as a traditional Chinese medicine:A review of its traditional uses,chemistry and pharmacology[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,145(2):403-415.
[60] KIERDORF U,LI C,PRICE J.Improbable appendages:Deer antler renewal as a unique case of mammalian regeneration[J]. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology,2009,20(5):535-542.
[61] KIERDORF U,STOFFELS E,STOFFELS D,et al.Histological studies of bone formation during pedicle restoration and early antler regeneration in roe deer and fallow deer[J].The Anatomical Record Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology,2003,273(2):741-751.
[62] WANG D T,BERG D,BA H X,et al.Deer antler stem cells are a novel type of cells that sustain full regeneration of a mammalian organ—Deer antler[J].Cell Death & Disease,2019,10(6):443.
[63] LI C.Annual antler renewal:A unique case of stem cellbased mammalian organ regeneration[A].19th Annual Queenstown Molecular Biology Meeting[C].2009.
[64] LI C,HARPER A,PUDDICK J,et al.Proteomes and signalling pathways of antler stem cells[J]. PLoS One,2012,7(1):e30026.
[65] 赵志峰.利用RNAi研究鹿茸干细胞GAL-1基因的免疫调控作用[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018. ZHAO Z F.Studies on the immunoregulatory effect of GAL-1 gene in antler stem cells by RNAi[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2018.(in Chinese)
[66] LI C,SHEARD P W,CORSON I D,et al.Pedicle and antler development following sectioning of the sensory nerves to the antlerogenic region of red deer (Cervus elaphus)[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1993,267(2):188-197.
[67] PITA-THOMAS W,G BARROSO-GARCÍA,MORAL V,et al.Identification of axon growth promoters in the secretome of the deer antler velvet[J].Neuroscience,2017,340:333-344.
[68] FUKAYA K,HASEGAWA M,MASHITANI T,et al.Oxidized galectin-1 stimulates the migration of Schwann cells from both proximal and distal stumps of transected nerves and promotes axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury[J].Journal of Neuropathology Experimental Neurology,2003,62(2):162-172.
[69] REGAN L J,DODD J,JESSELL S H B M.Selective expression of endogenous lactose-binding lectins and lactoseries glycoconjugates in subsets of rat sensory neurons[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1986,83(7):2248-2252.
[70] HYNES M,GITT M,BARONDES S,et al.Selective expression of an endogenous lactose-binding lectin gene in subsets of central and peripheral neurons[J]. The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroence,1990,10(3):1004-1013.
[71] AKAZAWA C,NAKAMURA Y,SANGO K,et al.Distribution of the galectin-1 mRNA in the rat nervous system:Its transient upregulation in rat facial motor neurons after facial nerve axotomy[J].Neuroence,2004,125(1):171-178.
[72] HORIE H,INAGAKI Y,SOHMA Y,et al.Galectin-1 regulates initial axonal growth in peripheral nerves after axotomy[J]. The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroence,1999,19(22):9964-9974.
[73] WALDO C M,WISLOCKI G B,FAWCETT D W.Observations on the blood supply of growing antlers[J]. American Journal of Anatomy,1949,84(1):27-61.
[74] ADAMS J L.Innervation and blood supply of the antler pedicle of the red deer[J].New Zealand Veterinary Journal,1979,27(10):200-201.
[75] LI C Y.Morphogenetic aspects of deer antler development[J].Frontiers in Bioence (Elite Edition),2012,4(2):1836-1842.
[76] PEI Y A,CHEN S,PEI M.The essential anti-angiogenic strategies in cartilage engineering and osteoarthritic cartilage repair[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2022,79(1):71.
[77] LI C,HARRIS A J,SUTTIE J M.Tissue interactions and antlerogenesis:new findings revealed by a xenograft approach[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,2010,290(1):18-30.
[78] LI C,MACKINTOSH C G,MARTIN S K,et al.Identification of key tissue type for antler regeneration through pedicle periosteum deletion[J].Cell and Tissue Research,2007,328(1):65-75.
[79] MÖLLER B,RASMUSSEN C,LINDBLOM B,et al.Expression of the angiogenic growth factors VEGF,FGF-2,EGF and their receptors in normal human endometrium during the menstrual cycle[J]. Molecular Human Reproduction,2001,7(1):65-72.
[80] YAMAMOTO T,KANDA A,KASE S,et al.Hypoxia induces galectin-1 expression via autoinduction of placental growth factor in retinal pigment epithelium cells[J].Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,2021,62(2):22.
[81] CROCI D O,SALATINO M,RUBINSTEIN N,et al.Disrupting galectin-1 interactions with N-glycans suppresses hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in Kaposi’s sarcoma[J].Journal of Experimental Medicine,2012,209(11):1985-2000.

Research Progress on the Biological Function of Galectin-1 and Its Role in Deer Antler Regeneration

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	BAI Lixia, LI Yang, LI Jianyong. Study on the Mechanism of Caffeic Acid Enhancing Macrophage Immunosuppression [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1844-1851.
[2]	XIE Beiyiting, WANG Yue, MENG Chunhua, QIAN Yong, ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Jianli, WANG Huili, CAO Shaoxian, LI Yinxia. Cloning and Sequence Analysis of PSMB9 Gene in Hu Sheep and Its Effect on Myoblast Proliferation [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 1-12.
[3]	TANG Tian, WANG Zhen, YU Menghuan, XU Kun, HE Ruili, QIN Tianzhe, CHEN Chuangfu, MA Zhongchen, WANG Yong. Effect of Mycoplasma bovis Infection on Mitochondrial Pathway Mediated Apoptosis in Bovine Macrophages [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(8): 3625-3634.
[4]	ZHAO Bilig, WEN Xin, YI Minna, Tseweendolmaa, SHEN Yingchao, SI Qin, Zhaolunqiqig, REN Hong, MANG Lai, Gerelchimeg. Isolation and Culture of Equine Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Their Functional Validation [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 2953-2962.
[5]	JI Guoshang, SHENG Hui, ZHANG Junxing, FENG Xue, HU Chunli, WANG Yachun, MA Yanfen, LI Li, YANG Wenfei, MA Yun. Study on the Function of PCYOX1L Gene Regulating LPS-induced Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 2984-2997.
[6]	WU Bowen, YAN Peiyu, WU Mishan. Mechanism of the Active Ingredients of Ephedra sinica Stapf Dried Grass Stems in the Treatment of Vasospasm Based on Network Pharmacology [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(6): 2680-2696.
[7]	YANG Liyu, LI Yanling, FAN Shuyu, LI Jian. Study on Immunoenhancing Effect of Qilan Compound on Pregnant Sows [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(1): 64-73.
[8]	WANG Shouyuan, YUN Hongmei, SHI Mingyue, QIN Yunmeng, LI Xiong, CHEN Junzhou, ZHOU Chenbo, CAO Guoqing. Effect of Porcine RPL36A Gene on PK15 Cell Proliferation [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(8): 3035-3044.
[9]	LI Can, LI Chuchu, ZENG Wei, ZHANG Ning, JI Chunxiao, CHEN Tao. Recombinant Expression and Function Study of RegⅢγ Protein in Porcine [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(6): 2414-2426.
[10]	ZHEN Zhen, WANG Mei, WANG Yimin, HU Debao, ZHANG Linlin, LI Xin, GUO Yiwen, GUO Hong, DING Xiangbin. Effect of RNA Methylation Transfer Enzyme METTL3 on the Proliferation and Myogenic Differentiation of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(3): 1025-1036.
[11]	XU Qianqian, YANG Wanqun, WANG Yubo, WU Fei, DAI Juanjuan, QIN Mimi, ZHUANG Jinqiu, WANG Yan, SHEN Zhiqiang, LI Jichang. Study on Immunomodulatory Effect of Prepared Radix Rehmanniae Polysaccharide on Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppression in Mice [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(2): 693-703.
[12]	BAI Lixia, LIU Xiwang, YANG Yajun, QIN Zhe, LI Shihong, GE Wenbo, XU Xiao, FENG Chenjing, LI Jianyong. Effect of Cichoric Acid Mediated Exosomes on Macrophage Immunosuppression [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(10): 4223-4230.
[13]	TIAN Shuyue, SHEN Yingchao, WANG Xisheng, WANG Min, YI Minna, Tseweendolmaa, TAO Li, ZHAO Bilig, Manglai, Gerelchimeg. Study on Establishment of Immortalized Cell System of Equine Fetal Fibroblasts in Mongolian Horse [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(1): 46-57.
[14]	WANG Nan, FENG Baoliang, ZHENG Yunxi, HUANG Lei, WANG Yue, XU Songsong, ZHANG Xiuling, LIU Zhiguo, LI Kui, MU Yulian. Effects of WIP1 Gene on Proliferation and Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Its Expression in Different Growth Stages of Mice [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(8): 2869-2879.
[15]	YU Kai, ZHAO Yufen, WENG Yu, WANG Qin, HAO Shaoyu, YU Boyang, DU Chenguang, SUBUDENG Gerile, LI Haijun. Effects of Dihydrotestosterone on Proliferation and Expression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone of Mouse Granulosa Cells [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(8): 3036-3043.