中药黄酮类化合物改善非酒精性脂肪肝的作用机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease，NAFLD)在临床中较为普遍，它是由非酒精因素所导致的继发性肝脏代谢功能失调的综合征，其主要特征是肝细胞出现脂肪变性以及肝脏内脂肪过量积聚。随着人们生活质量的不断提升，由过量脂肪摄入引发的NAFLD在人类和宠物中已广泛流行，成为全球最常见的慢性肝病之一。NAFLD是导致肝脏及代谢类疾病发病率及死亡率攀升的关键因素。当前针对NAFLD的治疗主要着眼于缓解症状，迫切需要探索更为有效的治疗策略。中药中的黄酮类成分，凭借其多成分组合、多靶点作用以及多样化的作用机理，在NAFLD的干预治疗中显示出极大的应用前景。笔者综述了黄酮类化合物改善NAFLD的多种作用途径，如改善胰岛素抵抗、缓解氧化应激、抑制炎症反应、抗铁死亡、抗细胞凋亡、调控自噬水平与调控肠道菌群等。同时对黄酮类化合物改善NAFLD的分子靶点/信号通路进行总结，以期为黄酮类化合物干预NAFLD的基础研究、药物研发与临床应用提供参考。

关键词: 中药; 黄酮类化合物; 非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD); 作用机制

Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is relatively common in clinical practice.It is a syndrome caused by nonalcoholic factors leading to secondary metabolic dysfunction of liver.Its main characteristics are steatosis of liver cells and excessive accumulation of fatin the liver.With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards,NAFLD caused by excessive fat intake has become widely prevalent among humans and pets,and has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases globally.NAFLD is a key factor leading to the increasing incidence and mortality of liver and metabolic diseases.At present,the treatment for NAFLD mainly focuses on alleviating symptomos,and it is urgent to explore more effective treatment strategies.Flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine，with multi-component combinations,multi-target effects and diverse mechanisms,have shown great potential in the intervention of NAFLD.The author reviewed the pathways by which flavonoids improve NAFLD,such as improving insulin resistance,relieving oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory responses,anti-ferroptosis,anti-apoptosis,regulating autophagy levels and regulating intestinal flora,etc.Meanwhile,the molecular targets/signaling pathways of flavonoids in improving NAFLD were summarized,so as to provide references for the basic research,drug development and clinical application of flavonoids in the intervention of NAFLD.

Key words: traditional Chinese medicine; flavonoids; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); mechanism

中图分类号:

S859.7

李笑笑, 柯金城, 李丽. 中药黄酮类化合物改善非酒精性脂肪肝的作用机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4484-4496.

LI Xiaoxiao, KE Jincheng, LI Li. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Flavonoids in Improving Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4484-4496.

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