关岭黄牛GH1基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析和GH1蛋白功能预测

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.09.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】生长激素1(growth hormone 1, GH1)是一种合成代谢激素，属于生长激素/催乳素蛋白家族，对于动物的生长发育具有极其重要的作用。试验旨在筛选关岭黄牛GH1基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点，并与生长性状进行关联分析，为开展关岭黄牛的分子育种提供科学依据。【方法】根据NCBI数据库中牛GH1基因序列(登录号：NC_037346.1)，采用Primer Premier 3.0软件设计3对引物，PCR扩增关岭黄牛GH1基因，利用双向直接测序和序列比对挖掘SNP位点；利用HaploView软件对SNP位点进行连锁不平衡(LD)分析，并识别相关单倍型以探索基因间的相互作用和遗传结构。利用SPSS 21.0软件分析GH1基因与关岭黄牛生长性状的相关性，并对GH1蛋白进行功能预测。【结果】在关岭黄牛GH1基因外显子5上发现3个SNPs位点：g.44119526 C＞G、g.44119662 C＞T和g.44119676 C＞A。其中，g.44119526 C＞G和g.44119676 C＞A位点属于中度多态，g.44119662 C＞T位点属于低度多态；g.44119662 C＞T和g.44119676 C＞A位点分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＞0.05)，g.44119526 C＞G位点极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＜0.01)。3个SNPs共组成4种单倍型(H1、H2、H3、H4)和5种双倍型(H1H1、H1H2、H1H3、H1H4、H2H3)。关联分析结果显示，关岭黄牛GH1基因g.44119676 C＞A位点CC基因型个体腰长显著高于AA基因型(P＜0.05)，双倍型H1H1(CCCCCC)个体腰长显著高于H2H3(GCCCAA)(P＜0.05)。蛋白功能预测结果显示，GH1基因编码217个氨基酸，为稳定蛋白；其二级结构、三级结构主要以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主。【结论】关岭黄牛GH1基因5外显子上的g.44119676 C＞A位点突变对于腰长具有显著影响，双倍型H1H1可作为改善关岭黄牛生长性状的遗传标记。

关键词: 关岭黄牛; GH1基因; 生长性状; 单核苷酸多态性; 蛋白功能

Abstract: 【Objective】 Growth hormone 1 (GH1) is a synthetic metabolic hormone belonging to the growth hormone/prolactin protein family,which plays an extremely important role in animal growth and development.This study was aimed to screen the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of GH1 gene and conduct association analysis with growth traits in Guanling cattle,in order to provide scientific basis for molecular breeding of Guanling cattle. 【Method】 Using Primer Premier 3.0 software,three pairs of primers were designed based on the bovine GH1 gene sequence retrieved from the NCBI database (accession No.:NC_037346.1) to amplify GH1 gene in Guanling cattle.SNP were detected via bidirectional direct sequencing and sequence alignment.HaploView software was employed to perform linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis on the identified SNP and identify associated haplotypes,thereby elucidating the genetic interactions and structural relationships among these loci.The correlation between GH1 gene and growth traits in Guanling cattle was evaluated using SPSS 21.0 software,and the potential function of GH1 protein was predicted. 【Result】 Three SNPs were detected in exon 5 of GH1 gene in Guanling cattle:g.44119526 C＞G,g.44119662 C＞T,and g.44119676 C＞A.g.44119526 C＞G and g.44119676 C＞A showed moderate polymorphism,while g.44119662 C＞T exhibited low polymorphism.g.44119662 C＞T and g.44119676 C＞A were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05),while g.44119526 C＞G was extremely significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＜0.01).Three SNPs formed four haplotypes (H1,H2,H3,and H4) and five diplotypes (H1H1,H1H2,H1H3,H1H4,and H2H3).The association analysis results revealed that the back waist length of CC genotype of g.44119676 C＞A in GH1 gene of Guanling cattle was significantly higher than that of AA genotype (P＜0.05),and the back waist length of H1H1(CCCCCC) diplotype was significantly higher than that of H2H3(GCCCAA) diplotype (P＜0.05).The protein function prediction results showed that GH1 gene encoded 217 amino acids and was a stable protein.The secondary and tertiary structures were mainly composed of alpha helix and random coil. 【Conclusion】 The mutation of g.44119676 C＞A on exon 5 of GH1 gene in Guanling cattle had a significant impact on the back waist length.The diplotype H1H1 could be used as a genetic marker to improve the growth trait of Guanling cattle.

Key words: Guanling cattle; GH1 gene; growth traits; single nucleotide polymorphism; protein function

中图分类号:

S813.3

张海娟, 赵永, 杨红文, 吴燕, 向进, 付红梅, 丁义杰, 张依裕. 关岭黄牛GH1基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析和GH1蛋白功能预测[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(9): 4226-4236.

ZHANG Haijuan, ZHAO Yong, YANG Hongwen, WU Yan, XIANG Jin, FU Hongmei, DING Yijie, ZHANG Yiyu. Polymorphism of GH1 Gene and Its Association with Growth Traits and Functional Prediction of GH1 Protein in Guanling Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(9): 4226-4236.

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