MYH3基因在动物肌肉发育、能量代谢及生产性能中的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.10.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肌球蛋白重链3（myosin heavy chain 3，MYH3）基因编码胚胎型肌球蛋白重链蛋白，控制肌肉的牵引滑动。MYH3基因是肌肉分化的重要标志基因，能够调控肌肉发育及能量代谢，在动物整个肌肉发育过程中均发挥重要作用。MYH3基因在不同物种间高度保守，且在动物体内多组织中均有表达，在胚胎期肌肉组织和肌肉再生过程中表达量较高。它受转录因子、microRNA、lncRNA及环境营养因子等多种因素影响，也可调控其他基因的功能。MYH3基因突变可以改变TGF-β信号通路和MAPK信号通路相关蛋白的磷酸化水平；影响ATP酶活性，使ATP水解时间延长，延长横桥周期；影响肌肉的能量代谢，最终引发肌肉能量代谢疾病。MYH3基因拷贝数变化、突变或表达量变化与动物的体尺、胴体重、屠宰重、生长性能具有显著的相关性。MYH3基因在大理石花纹高、肌内脂肪高的肌肉组织中表达量高，被认为是影响动物肌肉嫩度、剪切力和肉色红度的重要候选基因。MYH3基因的高表达与骨骼肌中氧化Ⅰ型肌纤维的含量、肌纤维直径和慢肌纤维含量有关。作者介绍了MYH3基因的基本结构特点，指出了其与肌肉组织发育及相关影响因子之间的调控作用，阐述了MYH3基因与动物肌肉能量代谢、生长性能和肉品质之间的关系，为进一步研究MYH3基因与肌肉发育调控和肉质性能改良提供参考。

关键词: MYH3基因; 肌肉发育; 能量代谢; 生产性能

Abstract: Myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3) gene encoded an embryonic myosin heavy chain protein that controlled the traction and sliding of muscles.MYH3 gene was an important marker gene for muscle differentiation,could regulated muscle development and energy metabolism,and played an important role in the entire muscle development of animals. MYH3 gene was highly conserved among different species and expressed in many tissues in animals,and it was highly expressed during embryonic muscle tissue and muscle regeneration.It was affected by various factors such as transcription factors,microRNA,lncRNA and environmental nutrition factors,and also regulated the funtion of other genes.MYH3 gene mutation could also change the phosphorylation level of TGF-β signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway related proteins.After mutation of MYH3 gene,it would affect the activity of ATPase,prolong the hydrolysis time of ATP and the cycle of transverse bridge,which could affect the energy metabolism of muscle and eventually lead to the disease of muscle energy metabolism.The change of copy number or expression level of MYH3 gene was significantly correlated with the size,carcass weight,slaughter weight and growth performance of animals.MYH3 gene was highly expressed in muscle tissues with high marbling and high intramuscular fat,and also to be considered an important candidate gene affecting muscle tenderness,shear strength and red flesh color of muscle in animals.The high expression of MYH3 gene was related to the content of oxidized type Ⅰ muscle fibers,diameter of muscle fibers and content of slow muscle fibers.This article introduced the basic structural characteristics of MYH3 gene,pointed out its regulatory role with muscle tissue development and related influencing factors,and then explained the relationship between MYH3 gene and animal muscle energy metabolism,growth performance and meat quality,which provided a reference for further research on MYH3 gene and muscle development regulation and meat quality improvement.

Key words: MYH3 gene; muscle development; energy metabolism; production performance

中图分类号:

Q789

代宇星, 盛志康, 楚菡, 刘哲, 陈月娥(Noppanun Poubol), 洪亮, 蒲蕾, 郭亮. MYH3基因在动物肌肉发育、能量代谢及生产性能中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(10): 3270-3277.

DAI Yuxing, SHENG Zhikang, CHU Han, LIU Zhe, CHEN Yuee(Noppanun Poubol), HONG Liang, PU Lei, GUO Liang. Research Progress on MYH3 Gene in Animal Muscle Development, Energy Metabolism and Production Performance[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(10): 3270-3277.

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