不同地方鸡种产蛋高峰期的蛋品质比较分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2026.01.018

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the differences in egg quality among six local chicken breeds （Chahua chickens， Tibetan chickens， Silkies chickens， Jining Bairi chickens， Wenshang Barred chickens， and Rugao Yellow chickens）， and evaluate their egg production performance during the peak laying period， so as to provide references for breeding and utilization of local chicken breeds. Method A total of 60 hens per breed at 25 weeks of age were selected， with 6 replicates per breed and 10 hens per replicate. At 30 weeks of age， 45 fresh eggs from each breed were collected. Among these， 30 eggs were used to determine conventional indices such as egg weight （EW）， eggshell strength （ESS）， and Haugh unit （HU）， while the remaining 15 eggs were used to measure albumen water content （AWC）， yolk water content （YWC）， and yolk crude fat content （YCF）. Comparative analysis， correlation analysis， and principal component analysis （PCA） were performed. Result Chahua chickens exhibited significantly lower EW and yolk weight （YW） compared with the other five breeds （P<0.05）. All breeds showed excellent HU， with Tibetan chickens having the highest albumen height （AH） and HU. Silkies chickens had the highest ESS at 41.90 N. Compared with the other five breeds， Wenshang Barred chickens had the thickest eggshell thickness （EST） and the lowest AWC （P<0.05）. Rugao Yellow chickens had the highest yolk ratio （YR， 29.96%）， but the lowest yolk color （YC）， YWC， and YCF. The average coefficients of variation for egg quality traits across breeds ranged from 6.40% to 7.81%， indicating relatively stable characteristics. Correlation analysis revealed significant or extremely significant correlations among 11 pairs of indicators （P<0.05 or P<0.01）， including AH and HU， EW and YW， and ESS and EST. The strongest correlation was observed between AH and HU （r=0.974）. PCA results indicated that Tibetan chickens was the optimal choice due to its significant advantage in the albumen factor （score： 1.333）. Although Rugao Yellow chickens had the highest shape index （SI） score （0.626）， it performed poorly in terms of albumen， eggshell， and yolk quality， resulting in the lowest comprehensive score. Conclusion Six local chicken breeds exhibited distinct genetic potential， with significant differences in traits such as EW， ESS， AH， and YCF. Dynamic correlations were observed among various egg quality indicators. Among all breeds， Tibetan chickens demonstrated the best comprehensive egg quality.

Key words: local chicken breeds; peak laying period; egg quality

CLC Number:

S831.91

FAN Hailu, HUANG Siyu, HE Xin, ZHANG Hongliang, ZHANG Bo, SHANG Peng, ZHANG Hao. Comparative Analysis of Egg Quality During Peak Laying Period in Different Local Chicken Breeds[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(1): 201-211.

Figures/Tables 9

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Fig.1

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Table 8

References 28

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原料 Ingredients	含量 Contents	营养成分 Nutrient components^②	含量 Contents
玉米 Corn	62.00	代谢能 ME/（MJ/kg）	11.25
豆粕 Soybean meal	22.50	粗蛋白质 CP	16.50
麦麸 Wheat bran	3.00	钙 Ca	3.50
石粉 Limestone	8.20	有效磷 Ap	0.35
食盐 NaCl	0.30	赖氨酸 Lys	0.78
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate	1.50	蛋氨酸 Met	0.36
预混料 Premix^①	2.50
合计 Total	100.00

指标 Indices	茶花鸡 Chahua chickens	藏鸡 Tibetan chickens	丝羽乌骨鸡 Silkies chickens	济宁百日鸡 Jining Bairi chickens	汶上芦花鸡 Wenshang Barred chickens	如皋黄鸡 Rugao Yellow chickens
蛋重 EW/g	36.11±4.32^c	42.16±3.71^a	39.43±3.82^b	43.06±3.03^a	41.82±2.51^a	41.42±2.10^a
蛋黄重 YW/g	10.67±0.96^c	11.85±0.82^b	11.44±0.99^b	12.64±0.95^a	11.89±0.81^b	12.38±0.81^a
蛋黄比率 YR/%	29.66±1.50^a	28.21±2.16^c	29.42±1.82^ab	29.40±1.78^ab	28.46±1.53^bc	29.96±1.96^a
蛋黄颜色 YC	8.90±0.71^b	9.37±0.85^ab	9.50±1.07^ab	9.23±1.45^b	9.90±1.27^a	7.37±1.33^c
蛋形指数 SI	1.32±0.04^ab	1.33±0.06^ab	1.33±0.03^ab	1.33±0.06^ab	1.34±0.04^a	1.31±0.04^b
蛋壳强度 ESS/N	37.12±5.95^cd	33.95±5.56^d	41.90±5.77^a	36.58±6.59^cd	38.41±7.16^bc	41.04±5.21^ab
蛋壳厚度 EST/mm	0.31±0.03^b	0.31±0.03^b	0.32±0.03^b	0.32±0.04^b	0.34±0.02^a	0.31±0.02^b
蛋白高度 AH/mm	7.53±1.33^ab	7.92±1.24^a	7.35±1.02^bc	6.87±0.78^cd	6.18±0.51^e	6.41±0.54^de
哈氏单位 HU/%	93.53±6.46^a	93.60±6.12^a	91.69±4.89^a	87.94±3.91^b	84.31±2.97^c	85.89±2.88^bc
蛋清含水量 AWC/%	87.56±0.45^ab	87.87±0.45^a	87.89±0.42^a	85.66±0.65^c	85.26±0.51^d	87.24±0.33^b
蛋黄含水量 YWC/%	51.23±0.77^a	51.03±0.74^a	50.61±0.84^ab	51.29±0.87^a	51.35±1.16^a	49.88±1.60^b
蛋黄粗脂肪 YCF/%	29.80±1.06^bc	30.05±1.09^ab	30.73±1.18^a	30.86±1.16^a	30.19±0.86^ab	29.02±1.09^c

指标 Indices	变异系数 CV/%						最大与最小变异系数比值 Max-min CV ratio
指标 Indices	茶花鸡 Chahua chickens	藏鸡 Tibetan chickens	丝羽乌骨鸡 Silkies chickens	济宁百日鸡 Jining Bairi chickens	汶上芦花鸡 Wenshang Barred chickens	如皋黄鸡 Rugao Yellow chickens	最大与最小变异系数比值 Max-min CV ratio
蛋重 EW	11.96	8.81	9.68	7.04	6.01	5.07	2.36
蛋黄重 YW	9.03	6.90	8.65	7.50	6.82	6.55	1.38
蛋黄比率 YR	5.06	7.65	6.18	6.07	5.36	6.55	1.51
蛋黄颜色 YC	8.00	9.08	11.31	15.75	12.82	18.00	2.25
蛋形指数 SI	2.85	4.41	2.34	4.45	2.82	3.21	1.90
蛋壳强度 ESS	16.04	16.37	13.76	18.02	18.64	12.68	1.47
蛋壳厚度 EST	10.68	8.62	8.04	11.07	6.75	6.46	1.71
蛋白高度 AH	17.68	15.65	13.81	11.31	8.30	8.35	2.13
哈氏单位 HU	6.91	6.54	5.33	4.45	3.52	3.35	2.06
蛋清含水量 AWC	0.51	0.51	0.48	0.76	0.60	0.38	2.00
蛋黄含水量 YWC	1.50	1.46	1.66	1.69	2.26	3.22	2.21
蛋黄粗脂肪 YCF	3.55	3.62	3.84	3.74	2.84	3.76	1.35
平均值 Mean	7.81	7.47	7.09	7.65	6.40	6.47	1.22

指标 Indices	蛋重 EW	蛋黄重 YW	蛋黄比率 YR	蛋黄颜色 YC	蛋形指数 SI	蛋壳强度 ESS	蛋壳厚度 EST	蛋白高度 AH	哈氏单位 HU
蛋重 EW	1.000
蛋黄重 YW	0.732^**	1.000
蛋黄比率 YR	―0.453^**	0.272^**	1.000
蛋黄颜色 YC	0.097	0.000	―0.134	1.000
蛋形指数 SI	0.112	0.028	―0.117	0.083	1.000
蛋壳强度 ESS	0.016	0.069	0.056	―0.004	0.065	1.000
蛋壳厚度 EST	0.072	0.033	―0.076	0.082	0.075	0.578^**	1.000
蛋白高度 AH	0.184^*	―0.067	―0.328^**	0.109	―0.043	―0.121	―0.217^**	1.000
哈氏单位 HU	―0.030	―0.235^**	―0.246^**	0.080	―0.063	―0.114	―0.225^**	0.974^**	1.000

主成分 PC	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalues			提取平方和载入 Extraction sums of squared loadings
主成分 PC	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/%	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/%	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%
第一主成分 PC1	2.351	26.118	26.118	2.351	26.118	26.118
第二主成分 PC2	1.865	20.727	46.845	1.865	20.727	46.845
第三主成分 PC3	1.490	16.551	63.396	1.490	16.551	63.396
第四主成分 PC4	1.104	12.264	75.661	1.104	12.264	75.661
第五主成分 PC5	0.923	10.260	85.921	0.923	10.260	85.921
第六主成分 PC6	0.879	9.768	95.689
第七主成分 PC7	0.383	4.256	99.945
第八主成分 PC8	0.003	0.033	99.978
第九主成分 PC9	0.002	0.022	100.000

Comparative Analysis of Egg Quality During Peak Laying Period in Different Local Chicken Breeds

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指标 Indices	第一主成分 PC1		第二主成分 PC2		第三主成分 PC3		第四主成分 PC4		第五主成分 PC5
指标 Indices	特征向量贡献值 Eigenvector contribution value	特征向量 Eigenvector	特征向量贡献值 Eigenvector contribution value	特征向量 Eigenvector	特征向量贡献值 Eigenvector contribution value	特征向量 Eigenvector	特征向量贡献值 Eigenvector contribution value	特征向量 Eigenvector	特征向量贡献值 Eigenvector contribution value	特征向量 Eigenvector
蛋重 EW	0.090	0.059	0.937	0.686	―0.278	―0.228	―0.014	―0.013	―0.128	―0.133
蛋黄重 YW	―0.283	―0.185	0.698	0.511	―0.543	―0.445	0.300	0.286	0.147	0.153
蛋黄比率 YR	―0.477	―0.311	―0.413	―0.302	―0.327	―0.268	0.412	0.392	0.379	0.394
蛋黄颜色 YC	0.153	0.100	0.242	0.177	0.223	0.183	―0.347	―0.330	0.850	0.885
蛋形指数 SI	―0.062	―0.040	0.264	0.193	0.183	0.150	―0.580	―0.552	―0.120	―0.125
蛋壳强度 ESS	―0.382	―0.249	0.260	0.190	0.648	0.531	0.423	0.403	―0.010	―0.010
蛋壳厚度 EST	―0.433	―0.282	0.323	0.237	0.686	0.562	0.184	0.175	―0.010	―0.010
蛋白高度 AH	0.918	0.599	0.172	0.126	0.091	0.075	0.291	0.277	0.042	0.044
哈氏单位 HU	0.912	0.595	―0.026	―0.019	0.168	0.138	0.300	0.286	0.055	0.057

主成分 PC	计算方程 Calculation formula
第一主成分 PC1	Y_PC1=0.059 X_EW-0.185 X_YW-0.311 X_YR+0.100 X_YC-0.040 X_SI-0.249 X_ESS-0.282 X_EST+0.599 X_AH+0.595 X_HU
第二主成分 PC2	Y_PC2=0.686 X_EW+0.511 X_YW-0.302 X_YR+0.177 X_YC+0.193 X_SI+0.190 X_ESS+0.237 X_EST+ 0.126 X_AH-0.019 X_HU
第三主成分 PC3	Y_PC3=-0.228 X_EW-0.445 X_YW-0.268 X_YR+0.183 X_YC+0.150 X_SI+0.531 X_ESS+0.562 X_EST+ 0.075 X_AH+0.138 X_HU
第四主成分 PC4	Y_PC4=-0.013 X_EW+0.286 X_YW+0.392 X_YR-0.330 X_YC-0.552 X_SI+0.403 X_ESS+0.175 X_EST+ 0.277 X_AH+0.286 X_HU
第五主成分 PC5	Y_PC5=-0.133 X_EW+0.153 X_YW+0.394 X_YR+0.885 X_YC-0.125 X_SI-0.010 X_ESS-0.010 X_EST+ 0.044 X_AH+0.057 X_HU
综合主成分 Comprehensive PC	Y=0.2612 Y_PC1+0.2073 Y_PC2+0.1655 Y_PC3+0.1226 Y_PC4+0.1026 Y_PC5

品种 Breeds	第一主成分（蛋白因子） PC1 （albumen factor）		第二主成分（蛋重因子） PC2 （egg weight factor）		第三主成分（蛋壳因子） PC3 （egg shell factor）		第四主成分（蛋形因子） PC4 （egg shape factor）		第五主成分（蛋黄因子） PC5 （yolk quality factor）		综合主成分 Comprehensive PC
品种 Breeds	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	得分 Score	排名 Ranking
茶花鸡 Chahua chickens	0.766	2	―1.588	6	0.506	2	0.189	2	0.106	3	―0.011	4
藏鸡 Tibetan chickens	1.333	1	0.293	3	―0.452	5	―0.189	5	0.084	4	0.319	1
丝羽乌骨鸡 Silkies chickens	0.354	3	―0.054	5	0.783	1	0.165	3	0.316	1	0.264	2
济宁百日鸡 Jining Bairi chickens	―0.381	4	0.761	1	―0.383	4	0.003	4	0.054	5	0.002	3
汶上芦花鸡 Wenshang Barred chickens	―1.027	5	0.624	2	0.334	3	―0.804	6	0.297	2	―0.151	5
如皋黄鸡 Rugao Yellow chickens	―1.059	6	―0.020	4	―0.731	6	0.626	1	―0.817	6	―0.409	6

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