消毒剂残留对细菌耐药性形成及其传播的影响研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.046

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 消毒剂的广泛应用虽有效控制了病原微生物传播，但其残留物与环境中抗生素残留的复合污染对生态环境及公共卫生构成严峻挑战。低浓度消毒剂的长期暴露可能通过多种机制驱动抗微生物药物耐药性(anti-microbial resistance,AMR)演化，加速抗菌药物耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes，ARGs)的水平基因转移(horizontal gene transfer,HGT)并增强ARGs的环境传播能力。笔者系统综述了消毒剂及其副产物在土壤、水体中的残留现状及消毒剂对接合转移、转化、转导及外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs)介导的HGT途径的影响，重点讨论了消毒剂及其副产物和抗生素对微生物共耐药与交叉耐药机制的研究进展。提出环境行为-生态风险-健康效应链的评估框架，为优化消毒技术、完善环境监管政策提供科学依据。

关键词: 消毒剂残留; 水平基因转移; 共耐药; 交叉耐药; 风险评估

Abstract: Although the widespread use of disinfectants has effectively controlled the spread of pathogenic microorganisms,the compound contamination of their residues with antibiotic residues in the environment poses a serious challenge to the ecological environment and public health.Long-term exposure to subconcentrated disinfectants may drive the evolution of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) through multiple mechanisms,accelerating horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and enhance the environmental transmission of ARGs.The author systematically reviewed the current status of disinfectants and their byproducts in soil and water,and the effects of disinfectants on splicing transfer,transformation,transduction,and the HGT pathway mediated by outer membrane vesicles (OMVs),with a focus on the progress of the research on the mechanisms of microbial co-resistance and cross-resistance by disinfectants,their byproducts and antibiotics.An assessment framework of environmental behavior-ecological risk-health effect chain is proposed to provide scientific basis for optimizing disinfection technology and improving environmental regulatory policies.

Key words: disinfectant residues; horizontal gene transfer; co-resistance; cross-resistance; risk assessment

中图分类号:

周雪雅, 邵丹, 彭晓愉, 吴梦慧, 吕安然, 潘玉, 欧亚妮, 牛永钦, 戴梦红. 消毒剂残留对细菌耐药性形成及其传播的影响研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5520-5528.

ZHOU Xueya, SHAO Dan, PENG Xiaoyu, WU Menghui, LYU Anran, PAN Yu, OU Yani, NIU Yongqin, DAI Menghong. Progress on the Effect of Disinfectant Residues on the Formation of Bacterial Resistance and Its Transmission[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5520-5528.

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