统货药材蒲公英提取物的提取工艺优化及药效评价

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】优化统货药材蒲公英提取物的提取工艺，并探究其抗炎、抗菌和促生长效果。【方法】采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定蒲公英提取物中的指标成分(咖啡酸和菊苣酸)总含量；以料液比、提取次数、提取时间为考察因素，以提取物中指标成分总含量和得膏率的综合评分为评价指标，通过正交试验确定蒲公英提取物的最佳提取工艺；通过二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型，探究不同剂量蒲公英提取物对小鼠耳肿胀度和耳肿胀抑制率的影响，评价其抗炎效果；采用微量肉汤稀释法测定蒲公英提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)，评价其抗菌效果；连续给予小鼠蒲公英提取物20 d，并记录小鼠体重和采食量，通过计算小鼠平均日增重、平均日采食量等评价其促生长效果。【结果】蒲公英提取物最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶12、回流提取2次、每次2 h，在此提取条件下，蒲公英提取物中平均指标成分总含量和平均得膏率分别为9.83 mg/g和33.61%。抗炎试验结果显示，蒲公英提取物中、高剂量组小鼠耳肿胀度抑制率分别为45.1%和51.2%；抗菌试验结果显示，蒲公英提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的MIC分别为15.63和125 mg/mL，MBC分别为250和125 mg/mL；小鼠促生长试验中，与空白组相比，蒲公英提取物中剂量组小鼠平均日增重显著升高(P＜0.05)，平均日采食量、料重比显著降低(P＜0.05)。【结论】蒲公英提取物的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶12、提取2次、每次2 h，该工艺条件下制备的蒲公英提取物中指标成分总含量和得膏率较高，且具有一定的抗菌、抗炎和促生长功效。

关键词: 统货药材; 蒲公英; 提取工艺; 抗炎; 抗菌; 促生长作用

Abstract: 【Objective】 The extraction process of dandelion (general goods) extract was optimized,and its anti-inflammatory,antibacterial and growth-promoting effect were explored. 【Method】 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the total content of index components (caffeic acid and chichoric acid) in dandelion extract.Based on the ratio of solid-liquid,the number of extractions,and the extraction time,and the total content of index components in the extract and the extract yield as the evaluation indexes,the optimal extraction process was determinded by orthogonal experiments.Through the xylene-induced mouse ear swelling model,the effects of different doses of dandelion extract on the degree of ear swelling and the inhibition rate of ear swelling in mice were explored,and its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of dandelion extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were determined by microbroth dilution method,and its antibacterial effect was evaluated.The mice were given dandelion extract continuously for 20 days,and the body weight and feed intake of mice were recorded,and the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of mice were calculated to evaluate its growth-promoting effect. 【Result】 The optimal extraction process for dandelion extract was a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶12,reflux extraction twice for 2 hours each time.Under these extraction conditions,the average total content of index components and the average yield of dandelion extract were 9.83 mg/g and 33.61%,respectively.The results of the anti-inflammatory test showed that,the inhibition rate of ear swelling in medium- and high-dose groups of dandelion extract was 45.1% and 51.2%,respectively.The results of antibacterial test showed that the MIC of dandelion extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 15.63 and 125 mg/mL,respectively,and the MBC was 250 and 125 mg/mL,respectively.In the growth promotion test,compared with blank group,the average daily weight gain of mice in medium-dose group was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The optimal extraction process conditions for dandelion extract were a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶12,extraction twice,each time for 2 hours.Under these process conditions,the total content of index components and the yield of dandelion extract prepared were relatively high,and it also had certain antibacterial,anti-inflammatory and growth-promoting effects.

Key words: general goods; dandelion; extraction process; anti-inflammatory; antibacterial; growth promoting effect

中图分类号:

S853.7

刘博, 郎丰亭, 杨芬芳, 郝智慧. 统货药材蒲公英提取物的提取工艺优化及药效评价[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5444-5453.

LIU Bo, LANG Fengting, YANG Fenfang, HAO Zhihui. Optimization of Extraction Process and Efficacy Evaluation of Dandelion Extract,a General Goods[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5444-5453.

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