腐殖酸钠对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的防治效果探究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究腐殖酸钠(sodium humate，HNa)对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的防治效果。【方法】通过体外孢子化抑制试验和动物体内干预试验进行综合评价。体外试验设置0.4、0.5和0.6 mg/mL HNa 3个浓度处理组，同时以10% DMSO作为阴性对照，以2.5%重铬酸钾作为阳性对照，各组试管中均加入2.0×10⁵个未孢子化的柔嫩艾美耳球虫，28 ℃温箱培养3 d，观察不同时间(24、48和72 h)HNa对卵囊孢子化的抑制效果。体内试验，将180只12日龄SPF雏鸡均分为6组：空白对照组、感染对照组、地克珠利组(0.2 mL/L)及HNa低(400 mg/kg)、中(500 mg/kg)、高(600 mg/kg)剂量组，每组3个重复，每个重复10只鸡。空白对照组雏鸡不感染球虫不给药；感染对照组雏鸡感染球虫不给药；地克珠利组雏鸡感染球虫，于14～21日龄饮水给药地克珠利(0.2 mL/L)；HNa低、中、高剂量组，感染球虫，于12～21日龄拌料给予相应剂量HNa。14日龄时空白对照组雏鸡灌胃凉白开水(1 mL/只)，其余各组雏鸡均灌胃1 mL含有2.0×10⁴个孢子化的球虫卵囊液，饲养至21日龄结束试验。系统监测雏鸡生长性能、盲肠病变记分、每克粪便卵囊数(oocysts per gram feces，OPG)、抗球虫指数(anticoccidial index,ACI)及盲肠组织病理损伤等。【结果】体外试验中，0.5 mg/mL HNa处理组在24、48和72 h的孢子化率均显著低于其他处理组(P＜0.05)。体内试验中，HNa中剂量组治疗效果最佳，感染后7 d，该组雏鸡平均增重显著高于感染对照组(P＜0.05)，高于HNa低、高剂量组(P＞0.05)；盲肠病变记分和OPG均显著低于感染对照组(P＜0.05)；ACI为164.58，属中等抗球虫效果，仅次于地克珠利组(ACI 182.33)。组织病理学观察结果显示，不同浓度HNa均能有效减轻雏鸡盲肠绒毛脱落和炎性浸润。【结论】HNa能有效降低柔嫩艾美耳球虫体外孢子化率，提高ACI，改善盲肠病理组织损伤，在本试验条件下，500 mg/kg添加量防治效果最佳。

关键词: 腐殖酸钠; 鸡球虫病; 柔嫩艾美耳球虫; 抗球虫指数

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of sodium humate (HNa) against Eimeria tenella (E.tenella) infection in broiler chickens. 【Method】 A comprehensive evaluation was conducted through in vitro spore inhibition tests and in vivo intervention tests in animals. In vitro experiments were conducted with three concentration treatment groups of HNa 0.4,0.5 and 0.6 mg/mL.10% DMSO was used as the negative control,and 2.5% potassium dichromate was used as the positive control.2.0×10⁵ unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella were added to each test tube and incubated at 28 ℃ for 3 days.The inhibitory effect of HNa on oocyst sporulation was observed at different time (24,48 and 72 h). In vivo experiments,180 12 days old SPF chicks were divided into 6 groups:Blank control group,infection control group,diclazuril group (0.2 mL/L),and HNa low (400 mg/kg),medium (500 mg/kg) and high (600 mg/kg) dose groups,with 3 replicates in each group and 10 chicks in each replicate.The chicks in blank control group were not infected with coccidia and no medication was given. In infection control group,chicks were infected with coccidia and no medication was given.In diclazuril group,chicks were infected with coccidia and were given diclazuril in drinking water at a dose of 0.2 mL/L from 14 to 21 days of age. Chicks in HNa low,medium and high dose groups were infected with coccidia and given corresponding doses of HNa mixed with feed at 12-21 days of age.At 14 days of age,chicks in blank control group were gavaged with 1 mL of cold boiled water per chick,while chicks in the other groups were gavaged with 1 mL of coccidia oocyst fluid containing 2.0×10⁴ spores.The experiment ended at 21 days of age.This study monitored the growth performance of broiler chicks,cecal lesion scores,oocysts per gram of feces (OPG),anticoccidial index (ACI) and pathological damage in cecal tissues. 【Result】 In vitro experiments showed that the sporulation rate of 0.5 mg/mL HNa treatment group was significantly lower than that of other treatment groups at 24,48 and 72 h (P＜0.05).In the in vivo experiment,HNa medium dose group showed the best therapeutic effect.After 7 days of infection,the average weight gain of the chicks in this group was significantly higher than that of infected control group (P＜0.05),and was higher than that of low and high HNa dose groups (P＞0.05).The scores of cecal lesions and OPG were significantly lower than those in infection control group (P＜0.05).ACI was 164.58,which belonged to the moderate anti coccidiosis effect,second only to diclazuril group (ACI 182.33).The histopathological observation results showed that different concentrations of HNa could effectively reduce the shedding of cecal villi and inflammatory infiltration in chicks. 【Conclusion】 HNa could effectively reduce the in vitro sporulation rate of Eimeria tenella,improve ACI,and alleviate pathological tissue damage in the cecum.Under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal dosage for prevention and treatment was 500 mg/kg.

Key words: sodium humate; chicken coccidiosis; Eimeria tenella; anticoccidial index

中图分类号:

S855.9

翟恩泽, 王辉, 杨平尧, 康舒宁, 吕晓品, 贾玉苗, 白瑞. 腐殖酸钠对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的防治效果探究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5350-5358.

ZHAI Enze, WANG Hui, YANG Pingyao, KANG Shuning, LYU Xiaopin, JIA Yumiao, BAI Rui. Effects of Sodium Humate on Prevention and Treatment of Chicken Eimeria tenella Infection[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5350-5358.

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