牡荆提取物对肉鸡坏死性肠炎的治疗作用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究牡荆提取物(Vitex negundo L.var.cannabifolia extract,VNE)对产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens,CP)感染坏死性肠炎(necrotic enteritis,NE)肉鸡生长性能、肠道状态、免疫水平、炎性因子的影响，探究VNE对肉鸡NE的治疗作用。【方法】选取1日龄岭南黄鸡雏鸡180只，随机分为6组，分别为空白组(CON)、模型组(MOD)、恩拉霉素组(ENR)及低(L-VNE，4 g/(kg·d))、中(M-VNE，8 g/(kg·d))、高(H-VNE，12 g/(kg·d))剂量VNE组，每组3个重复，每个重复10只鸡。分别于21、28日龄时对肉鸡称重，计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)及料重比(F/G)。试验结束后处死肉鸡，取样分析肠道状态、免疫指标及炎性因子水平。【结果】与CON组相比，MOD组21、28日龄肉鸡体重极显著降低(P＜0.01)，14～21日龄肉鸡F/G显著增加(P＜0.05)，22～28日龄肉鸡ADG、ADFI、F/G极显著或显著降低(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)；21、28日龄肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度(VH)极显著降低(P＜0.01)；28日龄肉鸡肠道内促炎因子(IL-8、TNF-α、IL-1β)表达量极显著升高(P＜0.01)。说明MOD组肉鸡在高蛋白鱼粉饲喂下CP感染导致NE的发生，试验造模成功。与MOD组相比，①饲喂VNE可极显著增加21和28日龄肉鸡体重(P＜0.01)，M-VNE和H-VNE组肉鸡ADFI升高，各VNE组14～21日龄肉鸡F/G下降，表明VNE可有效缓解因NE造成的肉鸡生长性能下降。②21日龄时，M-VNE和H-VNE组肉鸡脾脏指数极显著升高(P＜0.01)，各VNE组肉鸡胸腺指数显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)，表明VNE具有改善NE肉鸡免疫器官的功效。③21和28日龄时，各VNE组肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠的VH均有不同程度的增加，其中十二指肠、空肠的VH显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)，表明VNE可缓解NE肉鸡的肠道损伤。④H-VNE组21日龄肉鸡IgG浓度极显著升高(P＜0.01)，各VNE组21和28日龄肉鸡IgA浓度均有降低，表明VNE可改善NE肉鸡的免疫功能。⑤28日龄时，各VNE组肉鸡肠道促炎因子(IL-8、IL-17A、IL-1β、TNF-α)的表达量相对降低，说明VNE可缓解肉鸡因NE引起的肠道炎症。以上结果说明，VNE具有治疗NE的效果。【结论】本试验条件下，在饲料中添加VNE可改善CP肉鸡免疫功能、生长性能、免疫器官指数、肠道形态结构、炎症因子表达量，其中4 g/(kg·d)VNE对CP的治疗作用效果更佳。

关键词: 牡荆提取物; 产气荚膜梭菌; 坏死性肠炎; 免疫调节; 肠道健康

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to study the therapeutic effect of Vitex negundo L.var.cannabifolia extract (VNE) on the growth performance,intestinal status,immune level,and inflammatory factors of broilers with necrotic enteritis (NE) infected by Clostridium perfringens (CP),and explore the therapeutic effect of VNE on NE in broilers. 【Method】 180 1-day-old Lingnan Yellow-feather broilers were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups,which were blank group (CON),model group (MOD),enramycin group (ENR) and low VNE group (L-VNE,4 g/(kg·d)),medium VNE group (M-VNE，8 g/(kg·d)) and high VNE group (H-VNE，12 g/(kg·d)),with 3 replicates in each group and 10 broilers in each replicate.The broilers were weighed at 21 and 28 days of age,and the average daily feed intake (ADFI),average daily gain(ADG),and feed to gain(F/G) was calculated.After the experiment,the broilers were sacrificed and samples were taken for analysis of intestinal status,immune indicators,and inflammatory factor levels. 【Result】 Compared with CON group,the weight of broilers at 21 and 28 days of age in MOD group was extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01),the F/G of broilers from 14 to 21 days of age was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the ADG,ADFI,and F/G of broilers from 22 to 28 days of age were extremely significant or significantly decreased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The duodenal villus height (VH) of broilers at 21 and 28 days of age was extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-8,TNF-α,and IL-1β) in intestinal tract of broilers at 28 days of age was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01),it indicated that the experimental model was successfully established as CP infection led to the occurrence of NE in broilers of MOD group fed on high protein fishmeal.Compared with MOD group,①Feeding VNE could extremely significantly increase the body weight of broilers at 21 and 28 days of age (P＜0.01),the ADFI of broilers in M-VNE and H-VNE groups was increased,and F/G of broilers in each VNE group from 14 to 21 days of age was decreased,indicating that VNE could effectively alleviate the decline in growth performance of broilers caused by NE.②At 21 days of age,the spleen index of broilers in M-VNE and H-VNE groups was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the thymus index of broilers in each VNE group were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),suggesting that VNE had the efficacy to improve the immune organs of NE broilers.③At 21 and 28 days of age,the VH of duodenum,jejunum,and ileum in broilers of each VNE group increased to varying degrees,with significant or extremely significant increases in duodenum and jejunum (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),indicating that VNE could alleviate intestinal damage in NE broilers.④The IgG concentration of broilers in H-VNE group at 21 days of age was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the IgA concentration in each VNE group at 21 and 28 days of age was decreased,indicating that VNE could improve the immune function of NE broilers.⑤At 28 days of age,the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-8,IL-17A,IL-1β,and TNF-α) in intestines of broilers in each VNE group were relatively decreased,indicating that VNE could alleviate intestinal inflammation in broilers caused by NE.The above results suggested that VNE had therapeutic effects on NE. 【Conclusion】 In this experiment,the addition of VNE to the feed could improve the immune function,growth performance,immune organ index,intestinal morphology and structure,and the expression of inflammatory factors in broilers with CP infection,in which 4 g/(kg·d) of VNE had a better therapeutic effect against CP.

Key words: Vitex negundo L.var.cannabifolia extract; Clostridium perfringens; necrotic enteritis; immunomodulation; intestinal health

中图分类号:

S853.74

何隽桁, 唐兴刚, 八晓敏, 黄天启, 李亚晖, 陈创华, 黄宝珠, 陈晓颖, 向蓉. 牡荆提取物对肉鸡坏死性肠炎的治疗作用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5310-5325.

HE Junheng, TANG Xinggang, BA Xiaomin, HUANG Tianqi, LI Yahui, CHEN Chuanghua, HUANG Baozhu, CHEN Xiaoying, XIANG Rong. Therapeutic Effect of Vitex negundo L.var.cannabifolia Extract on Necrotic Enteritis in Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5310-5325.

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