天然多酚调节动物脂质代谢的作用机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 脂肪组织是动物体内的重要组成部分，脂质代谢过程对畜禽动物肉品质以及动物和人类健康有重要影响。近年来，广泛的体内和体外研究均表明，天然多酚作为一种天然的活性物质，在调控脂质代谢，维护脂质代谢稳态方面展示出良好效果。作者系统阐述了天然多酚调节动物脂质代谢的分子机制，其核心在于通过多重互作途径实现协同调控：介导miRNAs(如miR-122、miR-33、miR-103/107)表达，影响脂质代谢关键基因(如脂肪酸合酶、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1α、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1)的转录与翻译；调控AMPK信号通路(直接或间接通过脂联素受体、SIRT1/LKB1-AMPK信号通路等)，在肝脏中减少脂肪合成、促进脂肪酸氧化，在脂肪组织中诱导白色脂肪组织褐变、激活棕色脂肪组织产热；干扰细胞周期进程(诱导凋亡或周期停滞于G0/G1期)，抑制有丝分裂克隆扩增，从而抑制脂肪生成；重塑肠道微生物组成(如增加拟杆菌属和阿克曼菌属相对丰度,提高厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值，减少梭菌属相对丰度等)；减轻炎症反应(抑制核因子κB等通路，减少肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6等促炎因子)；增强抗氧化能力(激活核因子E2相关因子2通路，提高超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性，降低活性氧和丙二醛水平)；减少能量摄入(调节瘦素敏感性、阿黑皮素原/刺鼠相关蛋白神经元活性及胆囊收缩素分泌)。针对上述多维度机制的解析，旨在为天然多酚在畜禽健康养殖与肉品质改良中的实践应用提供理论依据

关键词: 天然多酚; 脂质代谢; 调控机制

Abstract: Adipose tissue is an important component of animals,and the lipid metabolism process has a significant impact on the meat quality of livestock and poultry as well as the health of animals and humans.In recent years,extensive in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that natural polyphenols,as natural active substances,exhibit excellent effects in regulating lipid metabolism and maintaining lipid metabolic homeostasis.This review systematically expounds the molecular mechanisms by which natural polyphenols regulate lipid metabolism in animals.The core lies in the coordinated regulation through multiple interaction pathways:Mediating the expression of miRNAs (such as miR-122,miR-33 and miR-103/107),affecting the transcription and translation of key lipid metabolism genes (such as FAS,CPT1α,PPARα and SREBP1).Regulating the AMPK signaling pathway (directly or indirectly through AdipoR,SIRT1/LKB1,etc.),reducing fat synthesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation in the liver,inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in adipose tissue.Interfering with the cell cycle process (inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase),inhibiting mitotic clonal expansion (MCE),thereby suppressing adipogenesis.Reshaping the composition of the intestinal microbiota (such as increasing the abundance of Bacteroides,Akkermansia,the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes,and reducing the abundance of Clostridium,etc.).Reducing inflammatory responses (inhibiting NF-κB and other pathways,reducing pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6).Enhancing antioxidant capacity (activating the Nrf2 pathway,increasing the activities of SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px,and reducing ROS and MDA level).Reducing energy intake (regulating leptin sensitivity,POMC/AgRP neuronal activity,and cholecystokinin CCK secretion).A deeper understanding of these mechanisms aims to provide a theoretical basis for the application of polyphenols in improving the production performance and health of livestock and poultry.

Key words: natural polyphenols; lipid metabolism; regulatory mechanism

中图分类号:

S816.7

李甲伟, 李袁飞, 肖艳清, 陈清华. 天然多酚调节动物脂质代谢的作用机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5180-5191.

LI Jiawei, LI Yuanfei, XIAO Yanqing, CHEN Qinghua. Research Advance of the Mechanism of Natural Polyphenols in Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Animals[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5180-5191.

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