亚急性瘤胃酸中毒奶牛体液指标与瘤胃pH的相关性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)奶牛血液生化、免疫、氧化应激、代谢产物及尿液生化代谢、乳成分等相关指标与瘤胃pH的相关性，以筛选有效诊断和监测SARA奶牛的潜在辅助指标。【方法】选取16头体况良好、胎次(2～3胎)、体重(580 kg±20 kg)、泌乳天数(130 d±33 d)、产奶量(21.28 kg/d±3.78 kg/d)相近的荷斯坦奶牛，分为两组，即对照组(CON)和SARA组，每组8头奶牛。CON组奶牛饲喂精粗比为5∶5的基础饲粮；SARA组奶牛在CON组基础上添加压片玉米(1 kg/d)，饲粮精粗比为6∶4，试验期60 d。瘤胃pH是检测奶牛SARA的金标准，采用SmaXtec设备实时监测瘤胃pH，利用Pearson相关系数(r)分析SARA奶牛体液指标与瘤胃pH的相关性。【结果】①SARA组奶牛瘤胃pH低于5.5和5.8的每天持续时间分别为2.55和6.38 h，表明成功建立了SARA模型。②与CON组相比，SARA组奶牛血清白蛋白(ALB)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA)及淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)含量均显著升高，与瘤胃pH呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)；超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著降低，与瘤胃pH呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)。③与CON组相比，SARA组奶牛C16∶0、C18∶0、C18∶2、C20∶1含量均显著降低，与瘤胃pH呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)；而酪胺、尸胺、组胺及脂多糖含量均显著升高，与瘤胃pH呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)。④与CON组相比，SARA组奶牛L-胱氨酸和L-谷氨酸含量均显著升高，与瘤胃pH呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)；色氨酸和苏氨酸含量均显著降低，与瘤胃pH呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)。⑤与CON组相比，SARA组奶牛尿液中pH、钙及肌酐含量均显著降低，与瘤胃pH呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)；而磷和尿酸含量显著升高，与瘤胃pH呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)；乳液中乳脂率显著降低，与瘤胃pH呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)；而体细胞数显著增加(P＜0.05)，与瘤胃pH呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)。【结论】通过Pearson相关系数分析，以|r|＞0.85为筛选依据，血清中SOD、GHS-Px、POD、MDA、C18∶2、色氨酸、组胺含量，尿液pH及乳液中乳脂率、体细胞数与瘤胃pH相关性较强，对SARA奶牛的诊断与监测具有参考价值，可作为奶牛SARA潜在辅助诊断指标。

关键词: 亚急性瘤胃酸中毒; 奶牛; 体液指标; pH; 相关性; 辅助诊断指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the correlation between blood biochemistry,immunity,oxidative stress,metabolic products,urinary biochemical metabolism,milk composition and rumen pH in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA),in order to screen potential auxiliary indicators for effective diagnosis and monitoring of SARA dairy cows. 【Method】 Sixteen Holstein dairy cows in good body condition with similar number of litres (2-3),body weight (580 kg±20 kg),days of lactation (130 d±33 d) and milk yield (21.28 kg/d±3.78 kg/d) were selected and divided into two groups i.e.,control (CON) group and SARA group with 8 dairy cows in each group.Dairy cows in CON group were fed a basal diet with 5∶5 concentrate to forage ratio.Dairy cows in SARA group was supplemented with pressed corn (1 kg/d) on the basis of CON group,and the diet concentrate to forage ratio was 6∶4,and the experiment lasted for 60 days.Rumen pH was the gold standard for detecting SARA in dairy cows.SmaXtec equipment was used to monitor rumen pH,and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to analyze the correlation between body fluid index of SARA dairy cows and rumen pH. 【Result】 ①The daily duration of rumen pH below 5.5 and 5.8 in SARA group was 2.55 and 6.38 h,respectively,indicating that the SARA model was successfully established.②Compared with CON group,the contents of albumin (ALB),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),malondialdehyde (MDA) and amyloid A in SARA group were significantly increased,and were negatively correlated with rumen pH (P＜0.05).The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased,and were positively correlated with rumen pH (P＜0.05).③Compared with CON group,the contents of C16∶0,C18∶0,C18∶2 and C20∶1 in SARA group were significantly decreased,which showed a significant positive correlation with rumen pH (P＜0.05).Whereas,the contents of tyramine,cadaverine,histamine and lipopolysaccharides were significantly increased,which showed a significant negative correlation with rumen pH (P＜0.05).④Compared with CON group,the contents of L-cystine and L-glutamic acid in SARA group were significantly increased,which was significantly negatively correlated with rumen pH (P＜0.05).The contents of tryptophan and threonine were significantly decreased,which were significantly positively correlated with rumen pH (P＜0.05).⑤Compared with CON group, urinary pH,and the contents of calcium and creatinine in SARA group were significantly decreased,which showed a significant positive correlation with rumen pH (P＜0.05).Whereas,the contents of phosphorus and uric acid were significantly increased,which showed a significant negative correlation with rumen pH (P＜0.05).The milk fat rate in emulsion was significantly decreased,which showed a significant positive correlation with rumen pH (P＜0.05),whereas the number of somatic cell counts was significantly increased (P＜0.05),which was significantly negatively correlated with rumen pH (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 By Pearson correlation coefficient analysis with |r|＞0.85 as the screening basis,the contents of SOD,GHS-Px,POD,MDA,C18∶2,tryptophan and histamine in serum,urinary pH,milk fat rate in emulsion,and somatic cell counts correlated with rumen pH,which were of reference value for the diagnosis and monitoring of SARA dairy cows,and could be used as potential ancillary diagnostic index for SARA in dairy cows.

Key words: subacute ruminal acidosis; dairy cows; body fluid index; pH; correlation; ancillary diagnostic index

中图分类号:

S823.5

崔洪哲, 许晓慧, 刘大程, 高民, 胡红莲, 张爱忠. 亚急性瘤胃酸中毒奶牛体液指标与瘤胃pH的相关性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5110-5121.

CUI Hongzhe, XU Xiaohui, LIU Dacheng, GAO Min, HU Honglian, ZHANG Aizhong. Correlation Analysis of Body Fluid Index and Rumen pH of Dairy Cows with Subacute Ruminal Acidosis[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5110-5121.

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