枯草芽孢杆菌-地衣芽孢杆菌复合菌剂对泌乳奶牛饲料消化利用及生产性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.11.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌-地衣芽孢杆菌复合菌剂对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质消化率及生产性能的影响。【方法】选取564头胎次、产奶量和泌乳日龄相近的中后期荷斯坦奶牛，随机分为对照组(CON组，n＝247)和添加9.6×10⁹ CFU/(头·d)复合菌剂试验组(BAC组，n＝317)。试验期共11周，预饲期2周，正试期9周。每天记录每头牛产奶量及各组奶牛干物质采食量，每周采集饲料样品，测定干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪等常规营养成分含量；同时于试验第4和9周采集奶样、瘤胃液和粪便样品，测定乳成分、瘤胃液pH、氨态氮、微生物蛋白、酶活性及挥发性脂肪酸含量以及粪便样品干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪等常规营养成分及酸不溶灰分含量。【结果】奶牛饲粮补充枯草芽孢杆菌-地衣芽孢杆菌复合菌剂后瘤胃液氨态氮浓度有降低趋势(P＝0.07)，羧甲基纤维素酶活性有增加趋势(P＝0.07)。与CON组相比，试验第9周，BAC组奶牛粗蛋白质和粗脂肪表观消化率分别提高4.18%和3.91%(P＜0.05)，中性洗涤纤维表观消化率呈上升趋势(P＝0.06)；试验期第8、9周BAC组奶牛产奶量分别提高了0.51%和0.77%(P＜0.05)，且试验期第9周BAC组奶牛饲料转化率(产奶量/干物质采食量)提高9.76%(P＜0.05)。【结论】泌乳奶牛饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌-地衣芽孢杆菌复合菌剂(9.6×10⁹ CFU/(头·d))可提高饲粮营养物质表观消化率和饲料转化率，降低瘤胃液氨态氮浓度，提高生产性能。

关键词: 复合菌剂; 泌乳奶牛; 生产性能; 表观消化率; 瘤胃发酵

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with a compound bacterial agent containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility and production performance in lactating dairy cows. 【Method】 A total of 564 Holstein dairy cows with similar parity,milk production and lactation age were selected.They were randomly divided into the control group (CON group,n＝247) and the test group supplemented with 9.6×10⁹ CFU/(cow·d) of the combined bacterial agent (BAC group,n＝317).The trial period lasted for 11 weeks,with a 2-week pre-feeding period and a 9-week main trial period.Daily milk production of each cow and the daily feed intake of each group were recorded.Feed samples were collected every week,and the contents of conventional nutritional components such as dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,and crude fat were determined.At the 4th and 9th weeks of the experiment,milk,rumen fluid and fecal samples were collected. And the milk components,rumen fluid pH,ammonia nitrogen,microbial protein,enzyme activity and volatile fatty acid contents,and the contents of dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,crude fat,and other routine nutritional components as well as the acid-insoluble ash content in the fecal samples were determined. 【Result】 After supplementing the dairy cow feed with compound bacterial agent containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis,there was a decreasing trend in the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen fluid (P＝0.07),and there was an increasing trend in the carboxymethyl cellulase activity (P＝0.07).Compared with CON group,at the 9th week of the experiment,the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat of dairy cows in BAC group increased by 4.18% and 3.91% respectively (P＜0.05),and the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber showed an upward trend (P＝0.06).During the 8th and 9th weeks of the experiment,the milk production of BAC group cows increased by 0.51% and 0.77% respectively (P＜0.05),and the feed conversion rate (milk production/dry matter intake) of BAC group improved by 9.76% in the 9th week of the experiment (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Dietary supplementation with compound bacterial agent containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (9.6×10⁹ CFU/(cow·d)) could increase the apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients and feed conversion rate,reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration in rumen fluid,and improve production performance.

Key words: compound bacteria agent; lactating dairy cow; production performance; apparent digestibility; ruminal fermentation

中图分类号:

S816

程凤琦, 马露, 卜登攀, 詹腾飞, 徐连彬. 枯草芽孢杆菌-地衣芽孢杆菌复合菌剂对泌乳奶牛饲料消化利用及生产性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(11): 5100-5109.

CHENG Fengqi, MA Lu, BU Dengpan, ZHAN Tengfei, XU Lianbin. Effect of Bacillus subtilis-Bacillus licheniformis Compound Bacteria Agent on the Feed Digestion,Utilization and Production Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(11): 5100-5109.

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